Pneumonia Flashcards
Main risk factors for pneumonia in children?
Malnutrition mainly
LBW
Not exclusively breastfed
Indoor pollution
Lack of measles vaccine
Crowding
Pathogens in pneumonia for neonates, infants and children?
Neonates: GBS, listeria, CMV, HSV
3weeks- 3 months: chlamydia trachomatis, RSV, S pneumonia, B.pertusis, staph Aureus
3m-5yrs: RSV, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, S pneumonia, H influenza, mycoplasma and TB
5yr-15: chlamydia pneumonia, TB, S Pneumoniae
How does pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachomitis present in children?
Afebrile pneumonia
What is NOT useful in diagnosis of pneumonia in children?
Sputum
What is severe CAP in children defined as?
Cough or difficult breathing with at least one of;
-lower chest wall indrawing
-nasal flaring
-grunting
Very severe CAP
Criteria as severe CAP with any one of;
Central cyanosis
Cannot breastfeed or drink anything
Convulsions, lethargy or unconscious
Severe resp distress
What kind of pneumonia causes persistent hypoxaemia?
Pneumocystis Jivorecii
Tx of mild pneumonia? (Fast breathing and chest indrawing)
Oral ampxicilkin
Tx of Pneumocystis Jivorecii
Co-trimoxazole
Tx atypical pneumonia?
Amoxicllin plus azithro/clarithromycin
Hospitalised child with pneumonia tx?
Pencillin and gent
Tx of severe pneumonia in children?
Ceftriaxone and vancomycin
15y/o with fever and boils on buttocks with difficulty breathing, likely pathogen?
Staph Aureus
Examples of complicated pneumonia on children?
Parapneumonic effusion
Empyema
Nec pneumonia
Lung abscess
What vaccines to prevent pneumonia in children
BCG
DTP
PCV
HIB
Influenza
