12b - Local Anesthetics

Question 1

What is local anesthesia? What can you NOT use to achieve it?

Answer 1

Anesthesia that is localized to one specific area
- CANNOT use IV anesthetics to achieve it

Question 2

What are 2 types of local anesthetics?

Answer 2

1. Ester-Types
2. Amide-Types

Question 3

How do all local anesthetics work? (2)

Answer 3

1. By blocking Na+ channels in nerve pathways
2. Prevent nerve conduction

No Na+ –> No Depolarization –> No perception of pain

Question 4

What are 2 Ester-Type local anesthetics?

Nose candy and a benz

Answer 4

1. Cocaine
2. Benzocaine

Question 5

What are 2 Amide-Type anesthetics?

Answer 5

1. Lidocaine
2. Bupivacaine

Question 6

Between the 2 types of local anesthetic groups, what is LESS common?

Answer 6

Ester-Types

Question 7

What was Cocaine used for?

Answer 7

Bronchoscopy procedures
- Prevented reuptake of NE.
- Caused local vasoconstriction –> ↓chance of bleeding

Question 8

Xylocaine (Lidocaine)

What were its timings?

Answer 8

Onset –> 2-5min
Onset –> up to 2hrs

Question 9

Why was Bupivacaine commonly used? (3)

Answer 9

1. More potent
2. Slower onset
3. Lasts longer

Question 10

When is Xylocaine (Lidocaine) used?

Answer 10

1. Arterial-Line Insertions
2. Bronchoscopies
3. Difficult + Awake Intubation

Question 11

When do toxic side effects for xylocaine (lidocaine) begin?

Answer 11

Around 5mg/kg
- Must be absorbed into systemic circulation for it to happen

Question 12

What are potential side effects of excessive Xylocaine (Lidocaine)? (4)

Answer 12

1. Bradycardia
2. Cardiac dysrhythmias
3. Cardiac Arrest
4. May cause methemoglobin

Question 13

Can local anesthetics cause muscle paralysis?

Answer 13

NOPE!