13 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Biotechnology
using biological processes to create useful products
DNA sequencing
determining the exact order of the nucleotide bases in a sample of DNA
DNA fingerprint/profile
using the banding pattern of DNA fragments as a means of identification
Electrophoresis
separating charged molecules(Nucleic acids, proteins) in a solution by passing an electric charge through it
Polymerase chain reaction
segments of DNA are artificially multiplied through a series of repeated duplication
Recombinant DNA technology (AKA genetic engineering)
involves the introduction of DNA into cells where DNA is foreign or has been modified in some way
Transgenic organisms
Organisms whose genome has been modified in some way by the transfer of genes
Bacteriophages or phage’s
viruses that infect bacteria
Recognition site
series of nucleotides where a restriction enzyme can cut
Restriction enzyme
enzyme capable of cutting a piece of DNA at a specific series of nucleotides
Straight cut
when restriction enzyme cuts straight through the two strands of DNA, creating a blunt end
A blunt end
when both strands terminate in a base pair
Staggered cut
results in fragments with sticky ends
Sticky ends
a stretch of unpaired nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule that overhang the cut
DNA ligase
enzyme that can recombine separate pieces of DNA
Ligation
process of recombining short strands of DNA into during replication (happens in every cell)
uses of biotechnology
- In tracing ancestry and in forensic science(GE)
- Identification of hereditary diseases e.g. Huntington’s or cystic fibrosis(GE)
- Determining the risk of having an affected child with an inherited disease(GE)
- Gene of interest can be easily amplified by PVR then sequences (PCR)
- Forensic science where small drop of blood/semen/hair can be used and can amplify DNA(PCR)
- Can take genes from 1 organism and put them into chrom of other organism(recombination DNA tech)
- Huge potential for replacing fault genes with healthy ones(recombination DNA tech)
