15

Question 1

endogenous retrovirus (ERVs)

Answer 1

is a viral sequence that has become part of an organisms genome

Question 2

How do ERV work

Answer 2

upon entering cell, the retrovirus copies its RNA genome into DNA(reverse transcription)
can only become endogenous if it inserts into sperm or ovum cell

Question 3

monkey ERV example

Answer 3

same ERVs in same spot (E)

Question 4

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 4

small amount of DNA in the mitochondria (small circular molecules)
37 genes (24 genes for making transfer RNA molecules, 13 instructions to make an enzymes for respiration)

Question 5

Inheritance of mtDNA

Answer 5

only inherit mtDNA from egg so mother, sperm is destroyed and mtDNA is lost as its only enough to swim to egg

Mutation rate in mtDNA is higher than nucleus so can be used to tell how related individuals are - similar off little difference- little mutation difference

Question 6

Comparing protein sequences

Answer 6

by comparing protein sequence of species we can tell how closely related they are
animals in same species will have same aa sequence in their proteins

Question 7

ubiquitous proteins

Answer 7

appear to be in all living species and to perform very basic essential tasks that all organisms require for life

Question 8

Cytochrom C

Answer 8

e

Question 9

Bioinformatics

Answer 9

the use of computers to describe the molecular components of living things

Question 10

Annotation?

Answer 10

identifying genes and other biological features in DNA

Question 11

Comparative genomics

Answer 11

biological research that compares genome sequences of different species
can identify regions of similarity

Question 12

Comparative studies in anatomy

Answer 12

comparing the structural features of related animals to find the degree of similarity between them

Question 13

Comparative anatomy 3 things

Answer 13

Embryology
Homologous organs
Vestigal organs

Question 14

Embryology

Answer 14

comparative embryology provides evidence for evolutionary change over time by comparing the early stages in the development of organisms

Question 15

homologous organs

Answer 15

organs that are similar in structure but are used in different ways

Question 16

Vestigial organs

Answer 16

Organs that may have once been important but have lost or changed their function (structures reduced in size)

Question 17

the anatomy of the forelimbs of vertebrates

Answer 17

these forelimb bones are homologous organs bc they have similar structure and likely to have a common ancestor

Question 18

The nictitating membrane

Answer 18

the transparent third eyelid(cats birds vertebrates) is only represented in humans asa pinkish membrane located in the inner corner of each eye

Question 19

Geographical distribution

Answer 19

Galapagos finches are different based on the islands its on and its environment and food source/beak