第13课:西欧经济和社会的发展。 Flashcards

1
Q

垦殖运动兴起的时间?

A

11世纪后。

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2
Q

垦殖运动的参与者有哪些?

A

领主和农民

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3
Q

甚至运动中心开发的地区具有什么权力?

A

①司法权②行政自治权。

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4
Q

随着法律的规范农民可以怎么样,以获得对自己劳动的自由支配?

A

用货币购买劳役豁免权

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5
Q

农奴可以通过怎么样来获得离开庄园、摆脱领主人身束缚的机会?

A

缴纳迁徙税

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6
Q

在庄园制度逐渐衰落和瓦解的过程中,农民获得了怎样的利益?

A

农民逐渐获得对自己剩余产品的支配权。

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7
Q

14世纪中叶以后,土地集中的方式有哪些?

A

承租、转租、购买—建立租地农场

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8
Q

租地农场的特点是什么?

A

①雇佣无地或少地的农民耕种

②将产品推向市场。

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9
Q

最早出现租地农场的国家是哪一个?

A

英国

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10
Q

手工工场发展的三个阶段?

A

( 13世纪)①小型手工作坊——②分散的手工工厂——③集中的手工工厂。

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11
Q

土地关系的变化和手工业发展的影响有哪些?

A

①推动农业和手工业生产组织逐渐资本主义化

②开始改变中世纪欧洲社会的整体面貌

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12
Q

手工工场的特点有哪些?

A

①剥削方式——雇佣关系
②生产方式——分工协作
③经营特点——面向市场。

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13
Q

13、14时期,谁成为强化完全所需要的政治力量?

A

富商巨贾

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14
Q

十三、十四世纪,谁控制了乡村行政事务,成为村中富有生机的阶级力量?

A

富裕的农民、骑士、乡绅。

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