13) Bone, bone marrow, vessels and blood

Question 1

What are the 5 classifications of bone?

Answer 1

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 2

Describe the structure of long bones

Answer 2

Longer than they are wide

Question 3

Give an example of a long bone

Answer 3

femur

Question 4

What is the function of long bones?

Answer 4

Movement

Support body weight

Question 5

Describe the structure of short bones

Answer 5

As long as they are wide

Question 6

Give an example of 2 short bones

Answer 6

Wrist - carpals

Ankle - tarsals

Question 7

What is the function of short bones?

Answer 7

Stability

Movement

Question 8

Describe the structure of flat bones

Answer 8

Flattened bones with parallel opposite edges

Question 9

Guve an example of flat bones

Answer 9

Skull - occipital
Thoracic cage - sternum, ribs
Pelvis - ilium

Question 10

What is the function of flat bones?

Answer 10

Protect internal organs

Provide a large surface area for muscle attachment

Question 11

Describe the structure of irregular bones

Answer 11

vary in shape and structure

Question 12

Give examples of irregular bones

Answer 12

Sacrum

Vertabrae

Question 13

What is the function of irregular bones?

Answer 13

Protect internal organs

Provide important anchor points for muscle groups

Question 14

Describe the structure of sesamoid bones?

Answer 14

Small, round bones embedded in the tendons

Question 15

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 15

Patella in the knee

Question 16

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

Answer 16

To protect the tendons from stress and damage from repeated wear and tear

Question 17

What 2 types of bone are found in the head of the femur?

Answer 17

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Compact (cortical) bone

Question 18

What is the central region of the femur called?

Answer 18

Medullary region

Question 19

What are the 2 types of bone marrow?

Answer 19

Red

Yellow

Question 20

Where is red bone marrow found?

Answer 20

Spongy bone only

Question 21

Give 2 characteristics of red bone marrow

Answer 21

full of developing red blood cells

rich blood supply

Question 22

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Answer 22

to replenish cells in the blood

Question 23

Give 2 features of yellow bone marrow

Answer 23

Made of adipocytes

Poor blood supply

Question 24

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 24

Shock absorber and energy source

Can convert into red bone marrow

Question 25

Describe the structure of cancellous bone

Answer 25

Contains trabeculum made of ostecytes. Trabeculum surrounded by red bone marrow

Question 26

What controls the flow in capillaries?

Answer 26

Precapillary Sphincters

Question 27

Define a vein

Answer 27

and elastic blood vessel that transports blood from the body to the heart

Question 28

Describe the structure of veins

Answer 28

3 layers: Tunica intima - endothelial Tunica media - elastic fibres and smooth muscle Tunica externa - elastic fibrous capsules

Question 29

Define pulmonary vein

Answer 29

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Question 30

Define the systemic vein

Answer 30

carries oxygen depleted blood from the body to the right atrium

Question 31

Describe the superficial vein

Answer 31

located close to the surface of the skin and not near a corresponding artery

Question 32

Define deep veins

Answer 32

located deep between tissues near a corresponding artery

Question 33

Define arteris

Answer 33

elastic blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart

Question 34

What are collateral blood vessels?

Answer 34

Arterioles that grow around a blockage to protect tissues from compromise

Question 35

How do new blood vessels form?

Answer 35

Angiogenesis - formation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels Vasculogenesis - formation of new blood vessels

Question 36

How does vasculogenesis occur?

Answer 36

Mesenchymal cells are stimulated by growth factors to cluster together, forming angiogenetic cells. These form RBCs and new blood vessels.

Question 37

How does angiogenesis occur?

Answer 37

Branching of an existing blood vessel due to growth factors