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Psychology > 13, Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

13, Developmental Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Study of humans across the lifespan

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2
Q

Zygote

A

Single celled organism made from sperm and egg
(first two weeks)

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3
Q

Embryo

A

Child starts to look human, organs and body systems begin forming. Most miscarriages happen here
(from 2 weeks to end of 2nd month)

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4
Q

Fetus

A

(2 months to birth)
Hearing works by 6 months
Last 3 months:
brain cells multiply quick
fat develops under skin
respiratory and digestive systems mature

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5
Q

Teratogens

A

external agents that can harm the fetus
(ex. viruses, drugs, especially sedatives, narcotics, cocaine)

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6
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

congenital problems with baby because mom had too much wine while pregnant

tobacco use makes miscarriage, stillbirth, and SIDS more likely

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7
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

baby’s head turns when cheek is touched
(‘rooting’ for nipple)

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8
Q

Babinsky Reflex

A

baby’s toes splay when bottom of foot is stroked

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9
Q

Moro Reflex

A

baby’s limbs splay when it thinks its falling

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10
Q

Habituation

A

decrease in response to something when it is repeatedly there
(don’t notice a room smelling bad if you’ve been there for a while)

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11
Q

Maturation

A

development reflecting the oath of your genetic blueprint

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12
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive development guy

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13
Q

Sucking & palmar reflexes

A

thing in baby mouth, baby suck thing

thing in baby hand, baby grab thing

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14
Q

Schema

A

a representation model, kinda like category

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

adding new ideas to existing schemas
(my dog has four legs, so does that giraffe. giraffe is dog)

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16
Q

Accommodation

A

modifying a schema to accommodate more info

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17
Q

Cognition

A

thinking

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18
Q

Sensorimotor

A

first of Piaget’s stages - up to 2 years old
child acts on objects in environment, attains object permanence

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19
Q

Object Permanence

A

realizing that something can exist even though you don
t see it

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20
Q

Preoperational

A

second of Piaget’s stages - from 2 to 7 yrs
able to use symbolic thought (schemas not present)
still can’t perform mental operations on them
language develops

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21
Q

Conservation

A

thing changed shape but its still same amount of thing
(break a cookie into 6 pieces and I’ll still know its one cookie’s worth of cookie)

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22
Q

Egocentrism

A

seeing world from your own point of view

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23
Q

Artificialism

A

people made everything

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24
Q

Animism

A

everything is alive

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25
Q

Theory of Mind

A

trying to understand others’ mental states
(people see the world differently than I do)

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26
Q

Autism

A

starts in early childhood, communication hindrance, difficulty relating to others and social cues
difficulty with change

27
Q

Concrete Operational

A

third of Piaget’s stages - age 7 to 11 yrs
ability to perform mental operations develops

28
Q

Reversibility

A

can track train of thought in reverse
(how’d I think of that)

29
Q

Formal Operational

A

fourth of Piaget’s stages - age 12+
can use schemas, understand operations, and use these to raise theoretical questions

30
Q

Metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

31
Q

Erik Erikson

A

started studying psych across lifespan instead of just until adolescence
made stage theory of personality development
8 stages with psychosocial crises that develop one’s character

32
Q

Secure Attachment

A

babies feel loved, secure, confident, playful, etc
mom is a secure base, don’t like is when she goes away but happy when she’s back

33
Q

Insecure Attachment

A

anxious ambivalent/avoidant
AA is stressed about being left all the time even when mom is there
Avoidant doesn’t really care if she’s there or not

34
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

made the patterns of attachment theory

35
Q

Permissive Parenting

A

few expectations and rules, divided into permissive neglectful and permissive indulgent
indulgent more loving

36
Q

Authoritative Parenting

A

clear limits but explanations for them

37
Q

Authoritarian Parenting

A

do what I say because I say so

38
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

made the moral development theory

39
Q

Preconventional Morality

A

age 7 to 10
do things because I don’t want punishment and I do want rewards

40
Q

Conventional Morality

A

age 10 to 16+
conform to societal norms of morality
follow a conscience

41
Q

Postconventional Morality

A

16+
not always reached
individual rights/sense of justice outweigh societal norms in decision making

42
Q

Terminal Drop/Decline

A

swift drop in mental functioning of an old person, typically 1 to 5 years before death
verbal skill particularly drops off quick rather than a slow decline

43
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

baby stressed because there’s another person who’s not mom

44
Q

Attachment

A

close emotional bonds of affection between infants and caregivers

45
Q

Critical Period

A

use it or lose it
if you don’t use some of your brain for a part of your life, you will lose the ability to ever be able to use it properly

46
Q

Imprinting

A

close bond formed with first contact of another
rapid phase sensitive learning

47
Q

Basic Trust

A

good ending of first crisis of Erikson’s model
baby think needs will be met cause mom is there
world is a good place

48
Q

Self-concept

A

who we think we are

49
Q

Adolescence

A

people between about 10 and 19 yrs

50
Q

Puberty

A

the time when a child goes through the most physical and hormonal changes as they become an adult

51
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

things directly involved in reproduction
(testes, ovaries)

52
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

qualities of a person not directly involved in reproduction but derivatives of those
(voice quality, facial hair, being hot as heck)

53
Q

Menarche

A

first time a female goes through menstruation

54
Q

Identity

A

good ending of Erikson’s third, adolescence, crisis
I know who I am as a person

55
Q

Intimacy

A

good ending of Erikson’s fourth stage, early adulthood
I can be close to others

56
Q

Menopause

A

natural end of a woman’s menstrual cycle

57
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

progressive, irreversible brain disorder
deteriorates memory, reasoning, language, then physical function of a person

58
Q

Cross-sectional Study

A

examines people of different groups at the same time, in a short space of time

59
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

examines how individuals develop by studying the same individuals over a long period of time

60
Q

Generativity

A

contributing to society and doing things for future generations

61
Q

Crystallized Intelligence

A

experience and knowledge; comes with time

62
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

quick reasoning ability

63
Q

Social Clock

A

cultural timeline for things happening in someone’s life

Psychology (8 decks)

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