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Psychology > 7, Biological Bases: The Brain and Nervous System > Flashcards

7, Biological Bases: The Brain and Nervous System Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

physiological psychology

A

study of behavior as influenced by biology

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2
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram)

A

measures subtle changes in electrical brain activity through electrode on the head

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3
Q

CAT scan (computerized axial tomography scan)

A

Cross-sectional X-ray images stacked to make a 3D model

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4
Q

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A

uses very powerful electromagnets and radio waves to generate 3D structural information about the brain

only one snapshot - does not model movement in the brain

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5
Q

Functional MRI (fMRI)

A

rapid sequencing of MRI scans, allows for MRI technology to see brain activity instead of just a snapshot

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6
Q

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

A

provides images via diffusion of radioactive glucose in the brain

more glucose present = more work being done in that part of the brain

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7
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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8
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

all nerves in the body outside of brain and spinal cord

  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
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9
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary movement of large skeletal muscles

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls nonskeletal (smooth) muscles, such as the heart and digestive tract

  • sympathetic nervous system
  • parasympathetic nervous system
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11
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • associated with energy-burning processes
  • responsible for fight-or-flight reaction
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12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • responsible for conserving energy
  • counteracts the sympathetic nervous system when not needed anymore
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13
Q

fight-or-flight response

A

increase in heart rate and respiration, decreased digestion and salivation

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14
Q

hindbrain

A
  • oldest part of brain evolutionarily
  • cerebellum
  • medulla oblongata
  • reticular activating system (RAS)
  • pons
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15
Q

cerebellum

A

controls muscle tone and balance

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16
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls involuntary action
- breathing, digestion, heart rate, structural
- basic life functions

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17
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A
  • controls wakefulness and alertness
  • also called reticular formation
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18
Q

pons

A
  • Latin for bridge
  • passes neural information from one brain region to another
  • involved in REM sleep
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19
Q

midbrain

A

main components are tectum and tegmentum

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20
Q

tectum

A
  • roof of the brain
  • governs visual and auditory reflexes along with tegmentum
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21
Q

tegmentum

A
  • floor of the brain
  • governs visual and auditory reflexes along with tegmentum
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22
Q

forebrain

A
  • contains limbic system
  • cerebral cortex
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23
Q

limbic system

A
  • emotional center of the brain
  • thalamus
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • hypothalamus
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24
Q

thalamus

A
  • relays sensory information
  • receives and directs sensory information from auditory and visual systems
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25
hippocampus
- processes and integrates memories
26
anterograde amnesia
damage to hippocampus, does not invoke memory loss because memories are stored elsewhere, but prevents formation of new memories
27
amygdala
implicated in expression of anger, frustration, fear
28
hypothalamus
controls: - temperature and water balance of the body - hunger and sex drive - activation of sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system divided into lateral and ventromedial hypothalami, the combination of which regulates eating behavior
29
lateral hypothalamus
the 'on switch' for eating
30
ventromedial hypothalamus
the 'off switch' for eating
31
cerebral cortex
wrinkled outer layer of the brain - sensory and motor cortexes - left and right cerebral hemispheres - corpus callosum - Broca's area - Wernicke's area - split-brain - contralateral processing - association areas
32
sensory cortex
receives sensory input
33
motor cortex
sends out motor information (movement)
34
left cerebral hemisphere
concerned with logic, language processing, control of right side of the body
35
right cerebral hemisphere
concerned with creativity, learning, controls left side of the body
36
corpus callosum
band of connective nerve fiber between the left and right cerebral hemispheres
37
Paul Broca
38
Broca's area
39
expressive aphasia
40
Carl Wernicke
41
Wernicke's area
42
receptive aphasia
43
Roger Sperry
44
split-brain patients
45
contralateral processing
46
association areas
47
apraxia
48
agnosia
49
alexia
50
agraphia
51
frontal lobe
52
parietal lobe
53
temporal lobe
54
occipital lobe
55
optic chiasm
56
nerves
57
soma
58
dendrites
59
axon
60
myelin sheath
61
nodes of Ranvier
62
terminal buttons
63
synapse
64
neurotransmitters
65
resting membrane potential
66
leak channels
67
nerve impulse (action potential)
68
excitatory
69
inhibitory
70
enzymes
71
reuptake
72
acetylcholine
73
serotonin
74
dopamine
75
GABA
76
glutamate
77
norepinephrine
78
endorphins
79
neuroplasticity
80
Michael Gazzaniga
81
hormones
82
pituitary gland
83
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
84
adrenal glands
85
epinephrine
86
thyroid gland
87
thytoxine
88
traits
89
dominant trait
90
recessive trait
91
genotype
92
phenotype
93
heritability
94
enviromentality
95
nature vs. nurture debate
96
Down syndrome
97
Huntington's cortex

Psychology (8 decks)

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