13. Methotropics

Question 1

how are new chemicals identified and used for pharmacological activity

Answer 1

extraction, purification, prediction, characterization

Question 2

what series must new psychoactive chemicals pass?

Answer 2

aminal behavior. physiological measures, biochemical analysis

Question 3

how is caffeine metabolized

Answer 3

theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine

Question 4

what is a chlorogenic aid

Answer 4

induce liver eznymes phase II transferases GST

Question 5

what is dihydrocaffic acid

Answer 5

anti inflammatory with vascular benefits, NO

Question 6

what is kahweol and cafestrol

Answer 6

diterpenes , phase II enzymes, anti-stress, but increase cholesterol

Question 7

3 medical uses of caffeine

Answer 7

respiratory stimulation, asthma, migraines

Question 8

how is caffeine used as a respiratory stimulatir

Answer 8

PDE4 inhibtion, increases cAMP in PrebottC

Question 9

why is caffeine used for migraines

Answer 9

reduce cranial blood flow

Question 10

why is caffeine used for asthma

Answer 10

bronchodilator

Question 11

what is the most common psychoactive drug

Answer 11

caffeine

Question 12

how is caffeine excreted

Answer 12

kidney

Question 13

does caffeine undergo first pass metabolism

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what are the actions of paraxanthine

Answer 14

increases blood glycerol and fatty acids lipolysis

Question 15

what are the actions of theobromine

Answer 15

increase urine, vasocilator

Question 16

what are the actions of theophylline

Answer 16

smooth muscle relaxation, inhibit PDE, increase cAMP

Question 17

what are the targets of xanthines

Answer 17

Adenosine inhibitor, PDE antagonist, Ca and GABA

Question 18

where are adenosine receptors usually found

Answer 18

presynaptic

Question 19

what are the two main adenosine receptor tagrets of caffine

Answer 19

A1 and A2a

Question 20

what are the two main adenosine receptor tagrets of caffine

Answer 20

A1 and A2a

Question 21

how does A1 work

Answer 21

decrease AC, decrease cAMP, decrease NT, reward hippocsampus

Question 22

how does A2A work

Answer 22

increase AC, increase cAMP, increase NT, GABA DA-ERGIC

Question 23

what are the common receptor pairs

Answer 23

2A2a + 2D2 and A1 +a2a

Question 24

how does low dose vs high dose caffeine affect the heart

Answer 24

low = decrease
high= increase

Question 25

which NT are affected by caffeine

Answer 25

NE, glu, DA

Question 26

how are longterm users affected in terms of HR and BP

Answer 26

less

Question 27

how does caffeine affect the kidney

Answer 27

diuretic

Question 28

how does caffeine affects on PDE affect cAMP

Answer 28

increase cAMP

Question 29

describe effects on smooth muscle caused by PDE inhibition

Answer 29

vasodilation in periphery but central vasocontraction

Question 30

how does caffeine affect ca

Answer 30

increase , increase workcapacity by nuscle

Question 31

how is caffeine reinforced

Answer 31

DA and Glu in Nac by blocking A1

Question 32

what kind of receptor is A1

Answer 32

GI/o

Question 33

describe wakefulness by GABA systerms

Answer 33

stimukation of A2a triggers GABA which inhibits wakefulness caffeine inhibits these GABA

Question 34

describe the relationship between caffeine and parkinsons

Answer 34

inverse

Question 35

WHAT ARE the two cyp1a2 polymorphisms

Answer 35

1A and 1F

Question 36

which CYP polymorphism is fast vs slow

Answer 36

1A is fast, 1F is slow

Question 37

how many copies of fast and slow

Answer 37

2 fast, at least one slow

Question 38

who shows the most dose depdent risk of caffeine

Answer 38

slow

Question 39

which affects does tolerance develop for

Answer 39

CARDIOM, RESP, SLEEP BUT NOT MOOD

Question 40

HOW DOES caffeiune cause osteoporsosis

Answer 40

increaed ca elimnination

Question 41

how can adenosine atangonist be anti-depressants

Answer 41

regulating synaptic NT

Question 42

what is a nootopric

Answer 42

perofmance enhancer

Question 43

HOW DOES caffeine effect memory

Answer 43

BDNF and trkb in hippo

Question 44

how is taurine anxiolytic

Answer 44

glycine activation and increased IPSP