13- Thorax I

Question 1

What does the thorax resemble?

Answer 1

a bony cage
container

Question 2

What bones is the thorax composed of?

Answer 2

vertebral column
ribs
sternum

Question 3

What fills the space between ribs?

Answer 3

Intercostal muscles

Question 4

What are in the intercostal spaces?

Answer 4

intercostal muscles
intercostal veins/ arteries/ nerves

Question 5

What bony structure is associated with the chest?

Answer 5

pectoral girdle

Question 6

Where is the thorax located?

Answer 6

within “bony cage”

Question 7

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 7

Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process

Question 8

What is the top part of the sternum?

Answer 8

Manubrium

Question 9

What vertebrae does the body of sternum extend from?

Answer 9

T5 - T9

Question 10

What is another term for the manubriosternal joint?

Answer 10

Sternal angle

Question 11

What vertebra is the xiphoid process located at inferiorly?

Answer 11

T10

Question 12

What is the bottom part of the sternum?

Answer 12

Xiphoid process

Question 13

What separates the manubrium/ body of sternum?

Answer 13

Manubriosternal joint = sternal angle

Question 14

What are the 2 openings of the thorax?

Answer 14

Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior thoracic aperture

Question 15

What does the superior thoracic aperture provide access to?

Answer 15

head/ neck/ upper limbs

Question 16

What does the inferior thoracic aperture provide access to?

Answer 16

abdomen/ lower limbs

Question 17

What is the superior thoracic aperture bounded by?

Answer 17

T1- 1st thoracic vertebrae
1st pair ribs
Manubrium

Question 18

What thoracic aperture is larger?

Answer 18

Inferior

Question 19

What thoracic aperture is smaller?

Answer 19

Superior

Question 20

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bounded by?

Answer 20

T12
ribs 11/ 12
costal margin
xiphosternal joint
Diaphragm

Question 21

What separates the thorax and abdomen?

Answer 21

Diaphragm

Question 22

What are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity? (anterior)

Answer 22

Pulmonary cavity
Mediastinum
Pulmonary cavity

Question 23

What are the 2 main subdivisions of the mediastinum?

Answer 23

Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum

Question 24

What are the 3 subdivisions of the Inferior mediastinum?

Answer 24

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

Question 25

What is the point of change from the superior/ inferior mediastinum?

Answer 25

Sternal angle

Question 26

What is the level of the sternal angle?

Answer 26

T4-T5 - level of second costal cartilage (ribs 2)

Question 27

What thoracic wall is longer?

Answer 27

Posterior thoracic wall

Question 28

What thoracic wall is shorter?

Answer 28

Anterior thoracic wall

Question 29

What are the 3 great vessels of the heart?

Answer 29

Superior vena cava Aorta Pulmonary trunk

Question 30

What is responsible for the return of venous blood from the head/ neck/ upper limbs?

Answer 30

Superior vena cava

Question 31

What is responsible for the return of blood from the head/ neck?

Answer 31

Internal jugular vein

Question 32

What is responsible for the return of blood from the upper limbs?

Answer 32

Subclavian vein

Question 33

What combine to form the right/ left brachiocephalic veins?

Answer 33

Internal jugular vein Subclavian vein

Question 34

What do the left/ right brachiocephalic veins combine to form?

Answer 34

superior vena cava

Question 35

What are the 3 parts of the aorta?

Answer 35

Ascending aorta Arch of aorta Descending/ thoracic aorta

Question 36

What part of the aorta is right out of the heart?

Answer 36

Ascending aorta

Question 37

What is another term for the descending aorta?

Answer 37

Thoracic aorta

Question 38

What is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the whole body?

Answer 38

Aorta

Question 39

What part of the aorta is hidden behind the heart/ not visible in the anterior view?

Answer 39

Descending aorta

Question 40

What are the 3 parts of the arch of the aorta?

Answer 40

Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Question 41

What is responsible for arterial blood flow to the head/ neck on the right side?

Answer 41

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 42

What is responsible for arterial blood flow to the head/ neck on the left side?

Answer 42

Left common carotid artery

Question 43

What is responsible for blood flow to the upper limbs?

Answer 43

Left subclavian artery

Question 44

What does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

Answer 44

Right subclavian artery Right common carotid artery

Question 45

Where is the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk/ trachea?

Answer 45

Sternal angle