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HK 3401 > 14- Thorax II > Flashcards

14- Thorax II Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the mediastinum is the middle mediastinum a subunit of?

A

Inferior mediastinum

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2
Q

What are the main structures in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart
Pericardium
Coronary vessels
Roots of great vessels

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3
Q

What is the vertebral level of division between the superior/ inferior mediastinum?

A

T4-T5 = sternal angle

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4
Q

What are the receiving chambers of the heart?

A

right/ left atriums

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5
Q

What are the discharging chambers of the heart?

A

right/ left ventricles

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6
Q

What chamber receives venous blood via SVC/ IVC?

A

right atrium

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7
Q

What chamber pumps poorly oxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary trunk/ arteries for oxygenation?

A

right ventricle

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8
Q

What chamber receives well-oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins?

A

left atrium

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9
Q

What chamber pumps blood into aorta for systemic distribution?

A

left ventricle

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10
Q

What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

A

left atrium

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11
Q

What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?

A

right ventricle

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12
Q

What covers the heart and roots of the great vessels?

A

Fibroserous membrame

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13
Q

What are the 2 layers of the fibroserous membrane?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

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14
Q

What is the external/ tough/ outer layer of fibroserous membrane?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

What are the 2 linings of serous pericardium?

A

Parietal serous pericardium
Visceral serous pericardium

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16
Q

What layer of pericardium lines the surface of the fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal serous pericardium

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17
Q

What layer of pericardium lines the surface of the heart?

A

visceral serous pericardium

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18
Q

What is immediately deep to the fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal serous pericardium

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19
Q

What is the small space between the visceral/ parietal layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Pericardial cavity

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20
Q

What is the pericardial cavity composed of?

A

small fluid layer

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21
Q

What directly adheres to the surface of the heart?

A

visceral serous pericardium

22
Q

What happens if you reflect the fibrous pericardium?

A

parietal layer of serous pericardium also reflected

23
Q

What is the “shiny” layer on the heart?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

24
Q

What pericardium layer is attached to the diaphragm?

A

Fibrous pericardium

25
Q

How do you know the visceral pericardium has been removed?

A

can see coronary vessels

26
Q

How are pulmonary arteries/ veins positioned relative to each other?

A

arteries- high
veins- low

27
Q

What does the heart ‘sit” on?

A

diaphragm

28
Q

What empties blood into the inferior aspect of the right atrium?

A

Inferior vena cava

29
Q

What carries blood towards the heart?

A

veins

30
Q

What carries blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

31
Q

How does oxygenated blood return to the heart from the lungs?

A

pulmonary veins

32
Q

What vessels line the surface of the heart?

A

coronary vessels

33
Q

What separates the atria/ ventricles?

A

Atrioventricular groove

34
Q

What separates the ventricles?

A

Interventricular groove

35
Q

Where are coronary vessels (arteries/ veins) located?

A

within grooves
covered with visceral pericardium
embedded in fat

36
Q

What supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

A

coronary arteries

37
Q

What do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

Ascending aorta

38
Q

What are the ear-like structures associated with the atriums?

A

Auricles

39
Q

What is the origin of coronary arteries?

A

ascending aorta

40
Q

What must be done to observe the coronary arteries originating from ascending aorta?

A

reflect auricles laterally

41
Q

What auricle is more complicated/ why?
(to observe coronary artery originating from ascending aorta)

A

left
- must reflex auricle + dig behind pulmonary trunk
(to see left coronary artery)

42
Q

Where do the pulmonary arteries arise from?

A

Ascending aorta

43
Q

Where is the left coronary artery located?

A

behind pulmonary trunk

44
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery

45
Q

Where is the circumflex artery?

A

AV groove/ posteriorly

46
Q

Where is the anterior interventricular artery?

A

IV groove/ anteriorly

47
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Sinoatrial nodal artery
Marginal artery
Posterior interventricular artery

48
Q

What empties into the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus

49
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located?

A

posterior heart
in AV groove

50
Q

Where is all venous drainage to the heart?

A

coronary sinus

51
Q

What do not go to the coronary sinus/ go directly to right atrium?

A

Anterior cardiac veins

52
Q

How do anterior cardiac veins empty into right atrium?

A

hop/ jump over AV groove

HK 3401 (9 decks)

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