Endocrine Flashcards
sweating, palpitations, tachycardia and acute confusion.
On examination she is warm to touch, has an irregular pulse, a heaving apex, evidence of pulmonary oedema and a smooth symmetrical swelling of the anterior neck.
thryoid storm
Mx of thyroid storm
IV propanolol (control symptoms)
propylthiouracil (control thyroid)
IV hydrocortisone (prevent thyroid inflammation)
DKA Mx
fluids
insulin infusion 0.1
hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, fatigue, nausea
hyperpigmentation
addisons disease
large hands, feet, macroglossia, sweating, fatigue
acromegaly
pathophis of acromegaly
increased growth hormone = increased insulin-like growth factor IGF1
Mx for acromegaly
trans sphenoidal surgery
follow up for cardiac (echo) and colon cancer issues
mx of diabetes insipidus
desmopressin
mx for cushings
surgically remove the tuour
hypertension resistant to treatment. metabolic alkalosis, hypokalaemia
conns syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
primary and 2ndary hyperaldosteronism
1: adrenal hyperplasia producing excess aldosterone
2: renal artery stenosis
Mx of conns
spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic)
hashimotos antibodies
anti-tpo, anti-thyroglobulin
mx of hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
mx of hyperthyroidism
- carbimazole
- propylthiouracil
Dx of acromegaly
insulin like growth factor
IGF1
diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
HbA1c > 48 mmol
fasting glucose >7.1
most common thyroid cancer
papillary
what thyroid cancer is associated with MEN
medullary thyroid cancer
4 types of thyroid cancer
medullary
anaplastic
follicular
papillary