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AMK > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

presbycusis

A

aging of the cochlea hair cells + auditory system
bilateral hearing loss

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2
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannoma seen alongside what condition?

A

neurofibromatosis 2

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3
Q

unilateral hearing loss and painless discharge

A

cholesteatoma

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4
Q

unilateral parotid gland swelling, facial nerve palsy, facial pain

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

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5
Q

tinnitus, aural fullness, deafness, vertigo in episodes

A

menieres

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6
Q

hearing loss improved when there is background noise

A

otosclerosis

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7
Q

Px of otosclerosis

A

conductive hearing loss, tinnitus. their voice sounds louder than it is. better hearing when there is lots of background noise

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8
Q

when do you give ABs in otitis media

A

when it hasn’t resolved after 3 days. 5-7 days of amoxicillin

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9
Q

mild otitis externa treatment

A

acetic acid 2% drops

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10
Q

moderate otitis externa Mx

A

gentamicin + hydrocortisone drops (NOT IF THEY HAVE GROMMETS/PERFORATED EARDRUM)

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11
Q

in Pts with BPPV what do you see in the dix-hallpike test

A

rotational nystagmus

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12
Q

at home treatment for BPPV

A

Brandt-Daroff exercises

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13
Q

labyrinthitis vs vestibular neuronitis

A

labrynthitis = loss of hearing, tinnitus

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14
Q

thyroglossal cyst

A

midline swelling, moves on tongue protrusion

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15
Q

branchial cyst

A

lateral swelling, doesn’t move on tongue protrusion

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16
Q

bilateral cherry red swelling after trauma to the nose
what? Mx?

A

septal haematoma
emergency incision and drainage (can lead to irreversible septal perforation and necrosis if its untreated)

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17
Q

thin watery secretions from nose, trauma

A

CSF rhinorrhoea

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18
Q

hearing loss in viral labyrinthitis or in vestibular neuronitis?

A

viral labrynthitis

19
Q

peritonsillar abscess Px

A

sore throat, painful swallowing
deviated uvula

20
Q

BPPV Px

A

vertigo, vomiting, nausea when the pt turns his head

21
Q

Mx of Menieres

A

betahistine to prevent
prochlorperazine when the episodes happen

22
Q

Px of vestibular schwannoma

A

tumour of CN8
unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus
vertigo
facial palsy
absent corneal reflex

23
Q

Mx of epistaxis

A
  1. hold head down for 20 mins
  2. posterior packing OR anterior silver nitrate cautery
  3. embolisation of the sphenopalatine artery (Little’s area)
24
Q

Dx of acoustic neuroma

A

MRI

25
Q

cystic hygroma

A

neck lump that appears in infancy
does not trans-illuminate
in the posterior triangle of the neck

26
Q

Px of sialolithiasis

A

stone in the salivary gland
pain around salivary gland
pain reproduced upon production of saliva (e.g. squeezing lemon juice in mouth)

27
Q

feeling of lump in throat with no underlying pathology
Mx?

A

globus
drinking lots of water, sniffing out, stress reduction

28
Q

vocal cord nodules
Px and Mx

A

hoarse voice
found in singers (voice abuse)
Mx: vocal rest, speech therapy

29
Q

most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

parathyroid adenoma

30
Q

damage to what nerve causes hoarse voice

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

31
Q

oral hairy leukoplakia
cause, Px and Mx

A

Epstein Barr virus
found in severely immunosuppressed patients (untreated HIV)
shaggy, irregular border, white, can’t be scraped off
nothing really to Mx

32
Q

Px of aphthous ulcer
Mx

A

well demarcated lesion, painful, acute onset
Mx: topical steroids and analgesia

33
Q

unexplained sudden sensorineural hearing loss Mx

A

MR HEAD
Ent emergency

34
Q

damage to what nerve causes inability to alter pitch of voice

A

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (cricothyroid muscle)

35
Q

oral thrush Mx

A

nystatin (anti fungal)

36
Q

management of small vs large vestibular schwannoma

A

small: fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
large: translabrynthine approach surgery

37
Q

laryngeal papillomatosis
cause, Px, Mx

A

rare disease in children characterised by benign tumour (papilla) formation in the aero digestive tract. it is recurrent.
hoarse, gruff voice

Mx: microlaryngoscopy and biopsy (have to do many times)
Caused by HPV

38
Q

most common cause of malignant otitis externa

A

pseudomonas
immunocompromised peopl

39
Q

indications for tonsillectomy

A

if episodes of tonsillitis prevent normal function

7/year for a year
5/year for two years
3/year for 3 years

40
Q

webers test
lateralises to one ear, what does it mean with regards to a conductive hearing loss or sensorineural hearing loss

A

lateralises to one ear
that ear could have a conductive hearing loss
or
the other ear could have a sensorineural hearing loss

41
Q

a positive Rinne’s means….

A

air > bone
normal people

42
Q

which test should be done first: weber or rinne

A

weber

43
Q

when can you get a false negative rinne

A

severe sensorineural hearing loss
vibrations are transmitted to the other ear and heard better through bone

AMK (29 decks)

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