monera

Question 1

what kingdom do bacteria belong to

Answer 1

monera kingdom

Question 2

draw a labelled diagram of a typical bacteria cell

Question 3

what is the purpose of the capsule

Answer 3

protection

Question 4

do bacteria have chromosomes

Answer 4

yes they have one bacterial chromosome

Question 5

what is a plasmid

Answer 5

a loop of DNA which contain genes responsible for antibiotic resistance

Question 6

what are flagella

Answer 6

these allow bacteria to move

Question 7

name the three general types of bacteria shape

Answer 7

round, rod, spiral

Question 8

how do bacteria reproduce

Answer 8

binary fission

Question 9

describe how binary fission occurrs

Answer 9

dna copies itself, the cell elongates with a strand of dna at each end, it splits into simialr sized cells

Question 10

what is an endospore

Answer 10

these form under harsh conditions and allow the bacterium to survive for long periods of time

Question 11

name the two types of autotrophic nutrition in bacteria

Answer 11

photosyntehtic, chemosynthetic

Question 12

name the two types of heterotrohpic nutrition in bacteria

Answer 12

saprophytic, parasitic

Question 13

give two examples of autotrophic bacteria

Answer 13

purple sulfur bacteria (photosynthetic) and nitrifying bacteria (chemosynthetic)

Question 14

give two examples of heterotrophic bacteria

Answer 14

bacteria of decay, disease causing bacteria (ecoli)

Question 15

what are the five factors that affect bacteria growth

Answer 15

temperature, oxygen concentration, pH, external solute concentration, pressure

Question 16

what is one way scientists take precaution while working with micro-organisms in the labratory

Answer 16

wipe surface area with disinfectant, wash hands with soap, dispose of safely, minimal opening of plates/seal plates, keep a bunsen lit nearby

Question 17

explain asepsis and sterility

Answer 17

asepsis is when something is free of pathogens (disease causing bacteria) while sterlility is when something is completely free of micro-organisms

Question 18

describe the main events of endospore formation

Answer 18

DNA replicates and moves to the end of the cell.the cytoplasm loses water and shrinks. thick walls form around the DNA and the cell rounds up

Question 19

give two examples of harmful bacteria

Answer 19

tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat

Question 19

give two examples of harmful bacteria

Answer 19

tetanus, cholera, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ecoli, strep throat

Question 20

what is an antibiotic

Answer 20

a chemical that kills/inhibits bacteria

Question 21

why might antibiotic resistance arise in bacteria

Answer 21

overuse, misuse, mutation in bacteria

Question 22

give two factors that affect the rate of bacteria growth

Answer 22

pressure, temperature, external solute concentration, pH, oxygen concentration

Question 23

explain how one factor of bacteria growth can affect the bacteria

Answer 23

temperature- low temperature can slow down the rate of bacterial growth and denature the enzymes in the bacteria

Question 24

what is the difference between batch and continuous flow food processing

Answer 24

batch- fixed amount of nutrients added at the start and the biorector is emptied at the end. bacteria go through each stage of the growth curve
continuous- bacteria remain at one stage of the growth curve. nutrients continuously added and product is constantly removed

Question 25

sketch a plot of a bacteria growth curve. label each axis and name each stage on the curve

Answer 25

lag, log, stationary, decline, survival

Question 26

what part of the bacteria is responsible for developing antibiotic resistance

Answer 26

plasmid

Question 27

how do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 27

binary fission

Question 28

when does endospore formation occur

Answer 28

stationary phase

Question 29

are bacteria eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 29

prokaryotic - no membrane bound organelles