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Earth Science > Light Lenses And Telescopes > Flashcards

Light Lenses And Telescopes Flashcards

1
Q

What are most of the 1000s of points of light called

A

Stars

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2
Q

True/False stars are not capable of making their own light

A

False

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3
Q

What is 1 difference that stars differ from planets

A

Planets do not make their own light

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4
Q

How did planets get light

A

They reflect light from stars

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5
Q

What are the 2 classifications of heavenly bodies

A

Light bodies and dark bodies

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6
Q

What are light bodies?

A

Objects that make their own light

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7
Q

What are 2 examples of light bodies?

A

Stars and some nebula

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8
Q

What are dark bodies?

A

Objects that do not make their own light

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9
Q

What are 4 examples of dark bodies

A

Planets, moons, comets, asteroids

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10
Q

Matter is made up of what?

A

Atoms

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11
Q

What 3 things are atoms made up of?

A

Protons neutrons electrons 

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12
Q

Nuclear is made up of what 2 things(what makes up the nucleus)

A

Protons and neutrons

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13
Q

The electrons are located where

A

Outside of the nucleus

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14
Q

What is nuclei fission

A

When the nucleus of an atom is split

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15
Q

An element with what what 2 characteristics is used?Why?

A

-element with large nucleus that is either uranium and plutonium
-gives a large target

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16
Q

What is shot at the nucleus

A

A neutron

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17
Q

How does this affect the nucleus

A

Makes it very unstable so that it breaks apart

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18
Q

What does the nucleus break apart into

A

2 smaller elements

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19
Q

What does this produce

A

A lot of energy and 3 more neutrons

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20
Q

What is established?

A

A chain reaction

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21
Q

This reaction happens until when?

A

All of the nuclei of uranium is broken down into 2 smaller elements

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22
Q

This process takes place in what 2things

A

Atomic bombs and nuclear reactors

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23
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

When 4 small nucleated atoms are combined together

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24
Q

The temperature must be how many degrees

A

Over 1 million degrees Celsius/SUPER HOT!!!!

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25
Q

What type of atoms must be fused together?

A

4 hydrogen atoms

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26
Q

What do they form when combined

A

Helium

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27
Q

When this happens some of the mass is converted over to what

A

Energy

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28
Q

How much mass is converted which creates how much energy

A

A small mass is converted which creates a lot of energy

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29
Q

What did Einstein summarise in his famous equation?

A

The process of mass being converted over to energy

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30
Q

What is this equation?

A

E = MC squared

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31
Q

What does it stand for?

A

E(energy)=m(matter)times c(the speed of light)Squared

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32
Q

What is the basic formula for fusion

A

4H+energy arrow He+ENERGY

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33
Q

The sun is continually doing what?

A

Converting hydrogen over to helium

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34
Q

Thus the sun is losing what by this process

A

Mass

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35
Q

The massive amount of energy that has been converted from a small amount of matter by nuclear fusion is in what form?

A

The form of electromagnetic radiation

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36
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

Energy that moves in a wave

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37
Q

What are crests?

A

The highest and lowest points of the wave

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38
Q

What is the distance of the wave from crest to crest called?

A

Wavelength of wave

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39
Q

Are the different wavelengths in blocks?

A

No

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40
Q

How are the wavelengths different?

A

By slight increments

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41
Q

What kind of spectrum is electromagnetic radiation

A

A continuous spectrum

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42
Q

What is the portion of electro magnetic radiation that we can see called ?

A

Visible light

43
Q

Why is the other portion of electro magnetic radiation not visible to us?

A

It has a wavelength that our eyes cannot detect

44
Q

The different colors of visible that we see are because of what ?

A

Different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

45
Q

What is the spectrum

A

The rainbow!!🌈🌈

46
Q

List the spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength of visible light

A

Red orange yellow green blue indigo violet

47
Q

Which is greater the continuum of light that we cannot see or the light which we can see?

A

continuum of light that we cannot see

48
Q

the Order of light from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength is called what?

A

The electro magnetic radiation spectrum

49
Q

List The electro magnetic radiation spectrum

A

Radio wave microwaves radar infrared visible light ultraviolet x rays gamma rays

50
Q

Which are the most dangerous and why out of The electro magnetic radiation spectrum

A

Ultra violet X rays gamma rays
Cause cancer tans high energy due to higher frequency and shorter wavelengths

51
Q

What is frequency

A

of waves pasta point/second

52
Q

What happens to the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation as wave frequency increases 

A

The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation get shorter 

53
Q

Between what two kinds of electromagnetic radiation is visible light located 

A

Infrared and ultraviolet 

54
Q

When all the colors of light are combined what happens 

A

U get White light

55
Q

What is a continuous spectrum

A

When one colour fades into the next color

56
Q

What is another word for sunlight?

A

White light

57
Q

When objects become they do what

A

Gloww

58
Q

Metal in fire glows what colour

A

Red

59
Q

Each element only emits what?

A

Certain types wavelengths

60
Q

What are astronomers able to do with the light emitted from stars

A

Compare the known bright line spectrum from elements with the light emitted from stars

61
Q

What is amothe4 name for the bright line spectrum of each element

A

Atomic emission spectrum

62
Q

The e
Electrons in an atom are outside the nucleus In what?

A

In specific energy levels

63
Q

When the atom gets energ what happens?what form?

A

It jumps an energy level
Electro magnetic radiation

64
Q

What is their energy released called

A

Photon

65
Q

Yay do photons have/ do3

A

Specific amount of energy
Moves as a wave has mass has a certain length

66
Q

Photons. Are what u see as what

A

Light

67
Q

I’d u had a quick emugjy eye what would you see?

A

Photons coming out of lihjys

68
Q

A light bulbs works by turning hat

A

Electric exciting a tungsten filament

69
Q

What do the electrons in the filament do

A

Jump up and down energy levels and produce photon

70
Q

The photons strike ur eye how

A

In fast bursts and u see light

71
Q

Light moves in what kind of path?

A

A straight path

72
Q

Light moves at different speeds through different what?

A

Media

73
Q

What are media?

A

Anything that light can travel through such as clear plastic,glass, air, water

74
Q

When light enters a medium what does it do

A

When light enters a medium it changes speed

75
Q

What does this cause the light to do

A

CHange direction

76
Q

Whaat is this change in direction called?

A

Refraction

77
Q

What angle is dependent on the angle that the the light hits the surface of the lens?

A

The angle at which a light wave changed direction in a lens

78
Q

Which angles undergoes no refraction and heavy refraction ?

A

A 90 degree strike
40 degree strike

79
Q

WHat does a convex lens do?

A

Causes light rays to converge at a focal point

80
Q

What do concave lenses cause

A

Causes light rays to diverge

81
Q

An image is made by what lens Where is it located?

A

By the objective lens in front of the eyepiece

82
Q

What does the eyepiece then do?

A

Then magnifies the image from the objective lens

83
Q

Thus the eyepiece is the lens that does what to the image?

A

Makes image more magnified

84
Q

What does the objective lens only do despite how large or small it is?

A

Only gathers light

85
Q

The more light has one to work with, the more what

A

Things once can see

86
Q

From the Hr diagram, we know what about the hot stars

A

The hotter the star the brighter it is

87
Q

What is magnitude

A

The measure of a stars brightness

88
Q

What was Hipparchus scale for magnitude and what changes have astronomers made

A

Hipparchus scale used to be 6 levels of brightness but now there is 0 and negatives added on

89
Q

What is apparent magnitude and what is it based on?

A

How bright the star looks to us
The stars distance from us and the amount of light it emits

90
Q

What is absolute magnitude?

A

How much light is actually produced

91
Q

What is radial motion?

A

Radial motion is the stars motion directly toward or away from us

92
Q

Are we able to see how close a star is from us by radial motion?

A
93
Q

What effect gives of red and blue shift to be able to see how far away a starvis from us?

A

Doppler effect

94
Q

Name the star sizes from largest to smallest

A

Hypergiant supergiant giant medium dwarf

95
Q

What is the celestial equator?

A

The celestial equator is an imaginary line projected into space

96
Q

What is Declan nation?

A

Declamation is like ladder to do an object is a mesh shirt how north or south of the celestial equator

97
Q

What is recension like?

A

Longitude

98
Q

What are three differences between right ascension and longitude

A

Longitude is measured in degrees well, right ascension is measured in hours
 There is no prime meridian for right ascension, but a prime our circle

99
Q

What are ancient stars?

A

Ancient stars are groups of stars that were seen as forms that were part of myths 

100
Q

What are modern stars?

A

Areas in the sky that are bamboo straight lines

101
Q

What is the designation for naming stars that is based on the name of the constellation itself 

A

Bayer designation

102
Q

Name the Greek letter in alphabetical order

A

Alpha, beta, gamma, delta epsilon, Zeta eta 

103
Q

What do convex and concave mirrors do to light

A

A convex mirror reflects light off of the outer surface and bulges out towards the viewer. a concave mirror reflects light off of the inner surface of the mirror and bulges away from the viewer

Earth Science (10 decks)

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