III - cytokines/interferons

Question 1

function of neutrophils

Answer 1

phagocytosis
enzyme production

Question 2

function of NK cells

Answer 2

immune surveillance of cancer and viral infected cells

Question 3

function of dendritic cells

Answer 3

antigen presentation
cytokine production

Question 4

function of macrophage

Answer 4

phagocytosis
cytokine production

Question 5

function of cytokines/interferons

Answer 5

signal neighbouring cells to erect barriers
signals infected cells to die
signals WBC for long lasting immunity

Question 6

outline the purpose of the 2 functional sites present in Januse kinase

Answer 6

one to associate with cytokine R
another as a catalytic site - has tyrosine kinase activity

Question 7

function of januse kinase

Answer 7

binds receptor and phosphorylation
creates SH2 binding site off of stats
leads to dissociation and dimerisation

Question 8

what does GAS element do

Answer 8

is a TF that promotes transcription in response to cytokine production

Question 9

what are the local effects of cytokine

Answer 9

increase in:
adhesion molecules
permeability
flow rate
chemokine expression
activation degranulation

Question 10

what are the systemic effects of cytokine production

Answer 10

acute phase proteins in the liver
hypothalamus induced fever
mobilisation in the bone marrow

Question 11

what are the local effects of IL-1β

Answer 11

activates vascular endothelium
activates lymphocytes
local tissue destruction
increase amount of effector cells

Question 12

what are the systemic effects of IL-1β

Answer 12

fever
production of IL-6

Question 13

what are the local effects of TNF-α

Answer 13

activates vascular endothelium
increases vascular permeability

Question 14

what is the effect of increased vascular permeability via local TNF-α

Answer 14

increased entry of !gG, complements, cells to tissue
increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes

Question 15

what are the systemic effects of TNF-α

Answer 15

fever
mobilisation of metabolites
shock

Question 16

local effects of IL-6

Answer 16

lymphocyte activation
increased antibody production

Question 17

systemic effects of IL-6

Answer 17

fever
induces acute phase
protein production

Question 18

what is CXL8 and what are its local effects

Answer 18

chemotactic factor
recruits neutrophils, basophils and T cells to infection site

Question 19

function and local effects of IL-12

Answer 19

activates NK cells
induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells

Question 20

what does haemolysis of RBC mediated by antibody involve

Answer 20

complements

Question 21

where do all complement activation pathways merge

Answer 21

key event:
proteolytic activation of the central C3 to C3b

Question 22

outline the classic complement activation pathway

Answer 22

antigen/antibody immune complex
Ciq/Cir/Cis

Question 23

outline the mannose-binding lectin activation pathway

Answer 23

microbes with terminal mannose group
MBL/MASP1/MASP2

Question 24

outline the alternative activation pathway

Answer 24

bacteria, fungi, virus or tumour cell
C3 (H2O)

Question 25

what are the key roles of complements

Answer 25

production of opsonins
production anaphylatoxins
direct killing of organisms
enhancing antigen specific immune response
maintaining homeostasis