Vocabulary 5

Question 1

grammar

Answer 1

the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology (including inflections) and sometimes also phonology and semantics.

Question 2

constituents

Answer 2

A constituent is a syntactical unit of language that exists within a larger sentence.

Question 3

phrases

Answer 3

A group of words that do not use a subject or a predicate to communicate a thought and is used as part of a clause.

Question 4

pronominalisation

Answer 4

pronominalisation (countable and uncountable, plural pronominalisations) (grammar) The replacement of a noun by a pronoun (grammar) The attachment of a pronoun to the end of a verb to indicate its subject or object

Question 5

pro-form

Answer 5

a pro-form is a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context.

Question 6

wh-pronoun

Answer 6

is the formation of syntactic dependencies involving interrogative words.

Question 7

movement

Answer 7

Movement is an operation that was introduced by transformational theories of generative grammar to characterize so-called displacement phenomena, as seen in wh-questions

Question 8

coordination test

Answer 8

Coordination is one type of linguistic test that can be used to assess an individual’s ability to use and understand language.

Question 9

gapping

Answer 9

is a type of ellipsis that occurs in the non-initial conjuncts of coordinate structures.

Question 10

sentence-fragment

Answer 10

a sentence fragment is a clause that falls short of forming a complete sentence due to the absence of one or more of three key components: a subject, a verb, or a complete thought.

Question 11

internal structure of phrases

Answer 11

phrase structure grammars model the internal structure of a sentence in terms of a hierarchically organized representation.

Question 12

noun phrases

Answer 12

is made up of a noun and its modifiers. Modifiers that come before the noun include articles, possessive nouns, possessive pronouns, adjectives, or participles.

Question 13

adverb phrases

Answer 13

is a multi-word expression operating adverbially: its syntactic function is to modify other expressions, including verbs, adjectives, adverbs, adverbials, and sentences.

Question 14

adjective phrases

Answer 14

A word group that has an adjective as its head is called an adjective phrase. Note that the adjective in this phrase may be accompanied by other words such as determiners, modifiers etc.

Question 15

syntactic categories

Answer 15

a category of words having the same grammatical properties

Question 16

lexical categories

Answer 16

Lexical category, a part of speech such as noun, preposition, etc.

Question 17

determiner

Answer 17

word, phrase, or affix that occurs together with a noun or noun phrase and generally serves to express the reference of that noun or noun phrase in the context.

Question 18

adjective

Answer 18

a word that describes a noun or noun phrase.

Question 19

Noun

Answer 19

Member of a linguistic class or category consisting of words that serve to name a person, place, thing, or concept.

Question 20

phrase structure rules

Answer 20

a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language’s syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957.

Question 21

subordinate clauses

Answer 21

a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause

Question 22

clause

Answer 22

In language, a clause is a constituent that comprises a semantic predicand (expressed or not) and a semantic predicate. A typical clause consists of a subject and a syntactic predicate, the latter typically a verb phrase composed of a verb with any objects and other modifiers.

Question 23

matrix clause

Answer 23

In linguistics (and in generative grammar in particular), a matrix clause is a clause that contains a subordinate clause. Plural: matrices. Also called a matrix or a higher clause.

Question 24

predicate

Answer 24

The term predicate is used in one of two ways in linguistics and its subfields. The first defines a predicate as everything in a standard declarative sentence except the subject, and the other views it as just the main content verb or associated predicative expression of a sentence.

Question 25

subject-verb agreement

Answer 25

Subject-verb agreement dictates that the subject of a sentence and its verb need to be in agreement regarding number: singular or plural.

Question 26

transitive verbs

Answer 26

Transitive verbs are verbs that take an object, which means they include the receiver of the action in the sentence.

Question 27

intransitive verbs

Answer 27

In grammar, an intransitive verb is a verb whose context does not entail a direct object

Question 28

ditransitive verb

Answer 28

A ditransitive verb is a type of transitive verb. The prefix “di-” means “two,” because, with a ditransitive verb, two objects follow the verb.

Question 29

direct object

Answer 29

A direct object is a noun that receives the action of the verb. Don’t get the direct object confused with the subject—the noun that performs the actions—or the verb itself.

Question 30

indirect object

Answer 30

the person or thing that receives the effect of the action of a verb that has two objects: In the sentence “Give Jason some cake,” “Jason” is the indirect object.

Question 31

adverbial

Answer 31

A word or phrase that does the same job as an adverb to modify a verb or clause.

Question 32

complement

Answer 32

In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.

Question 33

predicative complements

Answer 33

A predicative complement is the complement that is predicated by a predicate. A predicate is the completer of a sentence; a predicator (verb) + complement.

Question 34

Word-class

Answer 34

Word classes in linguistics They are those words that express the quality of an action, an entity or an object. Some adjectives can intrinsically express more properties or qualities, others only one ( fast facts / scientific data ). It is known for having a difficult delimitation.

Question 35

Manner

Answer 35

In articulatory phonetics, the manner of articulation is the configuration and interaction of the articulators ( speech organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound.

Question 36

Place

Answer 36

Where the speaker is

Question 37

Time

Answer 37

When is happening

Question 38

Constituency

Answer 38

In grammar, a constituency is a relationship between a linguistic unit (i.e., a constituent) and the larger unit that it is a part of.

Question 39

Functional Analysis

Answer 39

examination of how linguistic elements function on different layers of linguistic structure,

Question 40

adjunct

Answer 40

an adjunct is an optional, or structurally dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase that, if removed or discarded, will not structurally affect the remainder of the sentence.