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nutrition > Lipid Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dietary lipids?

A

-triacylglycerols (TAGS)
-fat soluble vitamins (FSVs)
-cholesterol and cholesteryl esters (CEs)
-phospholipids (PLs)

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2
Q

TAG digestion in the stomach

A

using gastric lipase:
breaks down some TAGS into DAGS (diacylglycerol) + fatty acids (FAs)

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3
Q

TAG digestion in the small intestine (short story)

A

-bile creates emulsification droplets
-pancreatic colipase and lipase

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4
Q

TAG digestion in the small intestine (long story)

A

-cholecystokinin is secreted by the duodenum
-acts on pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes pancreatic pancreatic lipase & colipase
-acts on gallbladder to secrete bile
-bile breaks up fat gobules into small emulsification droplets
-colipase allows lipase to enter emulsification droplets
-lipase breaksdown TAGS & DAGs into MAGS (monoacylglycerol) and free fatty acids

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5
Q

What are the products of digestion?

A

MAGS and FAs

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6
Q

Lipid absorption

A

mixed bile salt micelles transport lipids to brush border for absorption

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7
Q

Emulsification droplets become what once digestion is complete?

A

mixed bile salt micelles

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8
Q

Absorption of MAGs + FAs occurs via

A

transporters at the brush border

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9
Q

What do products of digestion go?

A

the endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

What carries MAGs + FAs to the endoplasmic reticulum

A

transport proteins

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11
Q

What transport protein specifically carries the products of digestion to the ER?

A

via fatty acid binding protein (FABP)

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12
Q

What happens in the ER?

A

MAGs + FAs turn into TAGs

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13
Q

What happens in the ER after the reesterification of TAGs

A

the TAGs are then packaged into chylomicrons and enter the lymph for transport to the heart

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14
Q

What happens during ruminant lipid digestion

A

-TAGs turn into glycerol + FAs
-biohydrogenation of PUFAs

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15
Q

What is the process of lipid digestive in a ruminant?

A

-microbes breakdown TAGs into glycerol + FAs and the glycerol is converted to UFAs which are absorbed through the rumen wall
-FAs from plant material are polyunsaturated fattyacids (PUFAs)
-microbes bihydrogenate PUFAs into saturated fatty acids (SFAs)
-SFAs continue on through the digestive tract for absorption in the S.I.

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16
Q

What are the various lipoproteins?

A

-chylomicrons
-very low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
-low density lipoproteins (LDL)
-high density lipoproteins (HDL)

17
Q

Whats apolipoprotein?

A

protein associated with lipoproteins
that is used for:
-structural
-enzyme cofactors
-ligands for receptors

18
Q

What do chylomicrons have?

A

Apo B48

19
Q

Where do Chylomicrons enter? from?

A

enter the lymph from the s.i. for transport to the heart

20
Q

What happens with chylomicrons after they enter the lymph?

A

-when enters the bloodstream, chylomicron will associate w/ Apo C-2
-chylomicron travel through the bloodstream and when the Apo C-2 binds to lipoprotein lipase on capillary wall, TAGS in chylomicron is broken down into glycerol + FAs
-once 80% of TAG have been released, the chylomicron dissociates from Apo C-2 & become chylomicron remnant

21
Q

Where do FAs go?

A

they enter the cell and are used for energy

22
Q

Where does glycerol go?

A

goes to the liver

23
Q

How is chylomicron remnant removed from bloodstream?

A

via apo B48 receptor on liver

24
Q

What do VLDLs have?

A

Apo 100 and Apo E

25
Q

Where do VLDLs go? from?

A

released into bloodstream from liver

26
Q

What happens with VLDL when released into the bloodstream?

A
  • when enters bloodstream, VLDL will associate w/ Apo C-2
    -VLDL travel through the bloodstream and when the Apo C-2 binds to lipoprotein lipase on capillary wall, TAGS in VLDL is broken down into glycerol + FAs
    -when over 1/2 of TAG is released by VLDL, Apo C-2 dissociates & VLDL becomes IDL
    -when over 80% of TAG has been removed apo E dissociates & IDL becomes LDL
27
Q

How is TAG removed from IDL?

A

apo E binding to receptors on capillary walls

28
Q

What do LDLs have?

A

Apo B100

29
Q

What happens with LDL?

A

when apo B100 binds to receptors on capillary walls, cholesterol diffuses out of the LDL into tissue

30
Q

How are LDLs removed?

A

LDLs are removed from circulation by Apo B100 receptors on liver

31
Q

What do HDLs have?

A

Apo A-1

32
Q

What are HDLs secreted by?

A

HDLS

33
Q

What do HDLs do?

A

perform reverse cholesterol transport
-when Apo A-1 binds to receptors on capillary walls, cholesterol is removed from tissues and diffuses into HDL

34
Q

What removes HDL from circulation?

A

liver removes via apo A-1 receptor

35
Q

What are the biological roles for lipids?

A

-energy source
-structural components of membranes
-lubricants
-signaling molecules

36
Q

Fatty acid synthesis

A

-liver and adipose tissue
-lactating mammary gland

nutrition (9 decks)

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