Propaganda in the Third Reich

Question 1

What was the purpose of propaganda in the Third Reich?

Answer 1

• Glorify the regime
• Spread Nazi Values
• Censorship
• Win over the people
  Weltanschatung - World View
  Gleischshaltung - Co-ordination

Question 2

Was Film innovative in Nazi Germany?

Answer 2

• Remained innovative like Weimar Republic
• Triumph of the will - Leni Rietenstahl and Olympia were innovative
• Jews removed as actors and directors

Question 3

What was the purpose of Film?

Answer 3

• Used for entertainment and keep people happy
• Pure escapism = The adventures of Baron Von Münchelhausan
• 1933-45 1,097 feature films provided
• Only 96 were requests of propaganda ministry

Question 4

What were different types of films produced?

Answer 4

Pure Escapism = The adventures of Baron Von münchelhausen

Overt Propaganda = The Triumph of the Will and The Eternal Jew

Question 5

How did Nazi’s slowly take over the film industry?

Answer 5

• RMVP slowly bought up shares of the film industry

- 1942 all companies were nationalised

Question 6

What were similarities to the Weimar Republic with Film?

Answer 6

• Innovation showed continuity with Weimar

- Lack of Propaganda and lots of entertainment used

Question 7

What were differences to the Weimar Republic with Film?

Answer 7

• Centralised control oer pure escapism films
• Weimar usually imported from America
• Some Overt Propaganda that Weimar did not have

Question 8

How was Music affected by Nazi Germany?

Answer 8

• Jewish composers like Mahler were banned
• Jazz banned ‘negroid music’ and modern music banned
• Wagner was loved as he talked about Germanys mythical past and anti-semitic
• Censorship of Jewish and Modern Music

Question 9

Where were Art Exhibitions held?

Answer 9

• 1937 two parallel exhibitions held in Munich
• Hitler thought this was the ‘city of art’
• One represented ‘Great German Art’ and ‘Degenerate Art’

Question 10

What was the Exhibition of Great German Art?

Answer 10

• Held in newly built museum
• An opportunity for artists to display work and for people to see ‘true’ German art work
• 16,000 were submitted, only 6,000 chosen

Question 11

What was the Exhibition of Great German Art used to represent?

Answer 11

• Represent the healthy instincts of the master race
• Expression of the Volksgemeinschaft
• 600,000 attended
• Preceded by a Day of German Art which became annual pageant of 2,000 years of German history paradigm through Munich

Question 12

What was the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?

Answer 12

• 19th July opens by President of the Art Chamber
• 5,000 exhibits of degenerate work, cultural Bolsheviks and fumbling daubers
• Represented disruption the Weimar Republic had bring to Germany
• Works showers distorted forms, unnatural colours and unsettling subjects

Question 13

What types of works were included in the Exhibition of Degenerate Art?

Answer 13

• 1,052 by Emil Nolde
• 508 by Max Beckmann
• Works by Gauguin, Van Gogh and Picasso
• 2 Million people attended
• Next day work was destroyed, sold abroad or kept by Göring

Question 14

What did Great German Art show?

Answer 14

• The strength of the Aryan Race
• ‘Blood and Soil’, Sower by Oskar Martin-Amorbach
• Militaristic Value
• Portray Nazi Values

Question 15

How was Literature affected by the Nazi Regime?

Answer 15

• May 10, 1933 book burning ceremony
• Leading writers of Weimar left, Thomas Mann and Berthold Brecht
• All literature liked was of false history

Question 16

How was Architecture affected by the Nazi Regime?

Answer 16

• Hitler wanted to build something based on the Parthian Empire
  Hated Bauhaus and Neue Schachlickheit
• Rejected it but used a lot of its methods, e.g Bauhaus and simplicity

Question 17

Why was it hard to control the press?

Answer 17

• 4,700 daily newspapers in circulation

- Lots of strong regions identities, political stances

Question 18

How did Nazis begin to control the press?

Answer 18

• Publishing house, Eher Verlag
• Gradually buying up the press
• 1939, 69% of newspapers built
• 1944, 82% of newspapers brought up

Question 19

How did Nazis control the press they had not bought?

Answer 19

• DNB News Agency was state controlled

- Controlled what information reached the journalists

Question 20

What was the Editors Law and how did it control the press?

Answer 20

• 1933 Law made editors responsible for what journalists said
• Frightened the editors into censoring the papers
• Gleischaltung was exercised

Question 21

What was the primary Radio used in Nazi Germany?

Answer 21

The Peoples Receiver

• Cheap but there was only one station and had limited range (censorship)
• State controlled, played in factories and cafes

Question 22

How did the number of Radios people have increase?

Answer 22

• 25% had a radio in 1932
• 70% of people had one in 1939
• Highest number of radios in the world

Question 23

How did Goebbels promote acceptable culture?

Answer 23

22nd September 1933 Reichskulturkammer (RKK) was set up

Question 24

How did the Olympics affect culture?

Answer 24

• 1936 was hosted by Germany
• Germany won 89 medals, 33 golds
• Promoted strong Aryan men, sculptors were often told to depict this too

Question 25

How did Nazi’s affect the calendar?

Answer 25

• They rearranged it around important dates for the Nazi’s
• Mothers day was celebrated on Hitlers mothers birthday
• After 1935 parades in the street were extremely militaristic with tanks and armoured vehicles appearing

Question 26

Where were the olympics hosted?

Answer 26

• Reichssportsfield and Olympic Village

- Stadium could hold 100,00 and had a special stand for Hitler and his guests

Question 27

Where were the Nazi Party Rally Grounds built?

Answer 27

• Built in Nuremberg
• Held rallies yearly in late August or September from 1933-38
• Lasted up to a week and drew many foreign journalists
• Many party leaders made propaganda speeches