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Alevel French Revolution > Chapter 11 - The Progress Of The War > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - The Progress Of The War Flashcards

1
Q

What did the sc demand?

A

People be given the right to ‘rise up’
Retribution on the military generals that had betrayed people’s trust

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2
Q

What had the pressures led to?

A

Levee en masse

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3
Q

Who proposed this?

A

Bertrand Barere
For CPS
23 Aug 1793

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4
Q

What did the Levee en masse order?

A

‘all French people are on permanent requisition for the services of the armies’

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5
Q

What was the Levee en masse?

A

An order forcing everyone to participate in the war effort

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6
Q

What did widowers and bachelored men have to do?

A

Immediate military service

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7
Q

What did married men have to do?

A

Forge weapons and transport supplies

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8
Q

What did women have to do?

A

Make tents and serve in hospitals

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9
Q

What did children have to do?

A

Shred old linen for lint

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10
Q

What did the old have to do?

A

Excite the courage of warriors
Preach hatred of kings and the unity of the republic

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11
Q

Why did they only call up young men to fight?

A

They were more in need of weapons and supplies than of fighters

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12
Q

What did the three men responsible for the legislation create?

A

A commission of technicians and scientists

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13
Q

What other development did they also support?

A

The Telegraph to carry dispatches
Balloonists to observe the enemy

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14
Q

What did a new manufacturing process increase?

A

Supply of gunpowder
Manuals were issued to show workshops and factories how to manufacture steel

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15
Q

Who was responsible for this new reorganising of Frances naval defences?

A

Sant-Andre
Former Protestant pastor

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16
Q

How many men were in arms by 1794?

A

Over 1 million

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17
Q

How many armies were well-trained and supplied?

A

14

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18
Q

What did the representants-en-mission start increasing?

A

Made sure morale was up and generals stayed loyal

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19
Q

What became political crimes?

A

Military defeat
Failure to follow through victory

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20
Q

What did Carnot and Saint-just do?

A

Replaced aristocratic generals with new younger commanders who were committed to the rev

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21
Q

What was the white (inherited AR) uniform replaced with?

A

Blue uniform (previously worn by volunteers)

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22
Q

What happened overall when Carnot took over the organisation?

A

The situation gradually began to improve

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23
Q

What victories gave a psychological boost to the country?

A

Battle of Wattignies
Three Austrian regiments destroyed
Invaders from the Pyrenees + Alps pushed back
Internal counter-rev + federalist revolts crushed

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24
Q

What did the CPS say in the Oct?

A

‘the cowardly satellites of tyranny have fled before you’

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25
Q

What development of war happened Aug 1793?

A

Austro-Prussian forces beseige Landau
Republican forces beseige Lyons
French win victory at Furnes
Seige of Dunkirk
Rebels crushed in Marseilles
Rebels invite British into Toulon

26
Q

What development of war happened Sept 1793?

A

French win Battle of Hondschoote
Seige of Dunkirk lifted
Spain win Battle of Trouillas

27
Q

What development of war happened Oct 1793?

A

Lyons surrenders to Republicans
The AP Army pushes French to Rhine
French win at Wattignies
Republicans beat rebels at Cholet
Marseilles recaptured by Republican troops

28
Q

What development of war happened Nov 1793?

A

French defeat P at Kaiserslauten

29
Q

What development of war happened Dec 1793?

A

Vendeean rebels defeated at Le Mans
Republican forces enter Toulon
French defeat A at Worth
Vendeean rebels defeated at Battle of Savenay
French take back Weissenburg lines + Rhine
Alsace taken
Siege of Landau raised

30
Q

What was the next period of time called?

A

The Terror

31
Q

What collapsed after the expulsion of the leading Girondins?

A

‘moderate’ faction in NC collapsed
Montagnards + Robespierre dominated govt

32
Q

Were the discussions by the CPS more public or private now?

A

Private

33
Q

Who’s orders could the CPS suspend if they felt them to be ‘contrary to public interest’?

A

The Executive Council

34
Q

What percentage of the CPS had to vote for something for it to be carried out by the Executive Council?

A

2/3rds

35
Q

What did the CPS also assume authority over?

A

CGS
(Committee of General Security)

36
Q

Who else did they supervise?

A

Other special committees + groups
Representants-en-mission

37
Q

How many members were in the CPS?

A

12
Initially 9

38
Q

How regularly were they supposed to change?

A

Once a month
They decided to keep their positions in Sept

39
Q

Who did the members include?

A

Robespierre, Saint-Just, Couthon, Carnot

40
Q

Who did they report to weekly?

A

The Convention

41
Q

Did the Convention have as much control as the CPS?

A

No the finances were still invested helping the CPS

42
Q

What time period did the CPS rule unchallenged?

A

Sept 1793 - July 1794

43
Q

Why would they meet at night?

A

It was when the work of the Conv + Jacobin club was done

44
Q

Why was it called the ‘Terror’?

A

Its intense + ruthless campaign to destroy all counter-revs

45
Q

How did the Montagnards try to remove the ‘moderate’ voice of the Girondins?

A

‘Sell themselves’ to the sc

46
Q

Who wasn’t fully comfortable about this?

A

Robespierre

47
Q

Why was there constant rioting in the capital?

A

Grain shortages + unemployment

48
Q

Why did people become angrier after 13 July?

A

Radical journalist Marat was murdered by a Girondin (Charlotte Corday)

49
Q

What did the sc demand?

A

All ‘suspects’ be arrested

50
Q

What did the CPS circulate copies of?

A

A painting of Marat in a pose reminisent of the dead Christ in the Tomb

51
Q

What was the message of this?

A

Marat was a martyr to the rev

52
Q

What did the sc do 5 Sept?

A

Marched on the Conv

53
Q

What did they demand?

A

Lower bread prices
Higher wages
Attack on those oppressing the people

54
Q

What did they do to address this?

A

Promised action against grain-hoarders + counter-revs
Allowed 2 activists to join the CPS

55
Q

What were the names of the two men?

A

Varenne + Herbois

56
Q

What new legislation was created 9 Sept?

A

sc paramilitary forces (armees revolutionaires) to force farmers to surrender grain + attack hoarders
They were placed under military command

57
Q

What new legislation was created 17 Sept?

A

The Law of suspects = ‘suspect’ could be arrested for their conduct, relationships, words or writings

58
Q

Who were most suspected?

A

Nobles
Relatives of emigres
Officers
Hoarders

59
Q

What was also made for the LofS?

A

Revolutionary Tribunal
The comites de sureillance

60
Q

What new legislation was created 29 Sept?

A

The New Law of the General Maximum = replaced law of May, laid down maximum price for grain, flour, meat, oil, onions, soap, firewood
It imposed wage regulations

61
Q

What did Danton first say?

A

‘Let us be terrible in order to stop the people from being so’

62
Q

What was uttered on 5 Sept by an unknown Jacobin deputy?

A

‘to place terror on the order of the day’

Alevel French Revolution (24 decks)

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