Chapter 16 - The Establishment Of The Consulate Flashcards

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1
Q

Did Abbé Sieyès support the 1795 constitution that set up the directory?

A

No

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2
Q

What position did he accept when it failed to maintain stability?

A

Director
(May 1799)

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3
Q

What coup did he play a significant part in?

A

Coup of Prairial

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4
Q

What did he want to change?

A

People in the army
The constitution

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5
Q

Who did S talk with about a coup d’etat (also called coup of Brumaire)?

A

General Joubert
He was killed in at Battle of Novi

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6
Q

Who had returned and was liked by both Jacobins and royalists?

A

Napoleon

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7
Q

What did S do in preparation for a coup?

A

Bribed council members
23 Oct arranged N bro Lucien to be elected President if Cof500
Troops were deployed around Paris

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8
Q

What was the plan?

A

Persuade Directors to resign
Persuade 2 Councils to appoint a commission to draw a new constitution

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9
Q

What happened morning of 18 Brumaire?

A

Members of CofA (liked the coup) warned colleagues of Jacobin conspiracy

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10
Q

What were the 2 assemblies convinced to do?

A

Leave Paris
Go to former palace Saint-Cloud
Away from potential Jacobin mobs

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11
Q

What did N promise?

A

To ensure safety of 2 councils
He took command of Parisian troops
His commander Murat moved 6000 men into position

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12
Q

What happened the same morning?

A

Sieyès + Ducos resigned as Directors
Baras was also persuaded to step down

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13
Q

What happened to the remaining Directors?

A

Put under house arrest
But councils continued to meet

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14
Q

What had the deputies realised by 10 Nov?

A

They were facing an attempted coup by the army
Not protected from Jacobin rebellion

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15
Q

What did he do when he failed to make an impression?

A

Moved to Cof500
Was met with threats
Lucien helped by getting palace guards to intervene

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16
Q

What did they do when guards came in?

A

Deputies left
Some jumped out of windows
The remaining had to be forced out

17
Q

Where did Lucien find new deputies?

A

From the CofA who were prepared to obey his orders of appointing 3 Consuls to run govt

18
Q

Who were the 3 Consuls?

A

Sieyes
Ducos
Napoleon

19
Q

Why did Sieyes mount the coup?

A

To establish an executive that had strong leadership

20
Q

Who worked to prepare the new constitution?

A

Sieyes
N friend Pierre Daunou helped

21
Q

When was the constitution adopted?

A

24 Dec 1799

22
Q

What was it known as?

A

Constitution of Year VIII

23
Q

What did the new structure look like?

A

First Consul
Council of State - Senate
Tribunate - Legislative Body
6000 Notables
Departmental list
Communal list
6 million citizens

24
Q

What was the 6 million citizens?

A

First stage of voting:
Men over 21
Lived in same house for 1 year
Voted 10% of themselves to be on communal list

25
Q

What was the Communal list?

A

600,000
Members selected 10% to form departmental list

26
Q

What was the departmental list?

A

60,000
10% selected to form ‘Notables’

27
Q

Who were the Notables?

A

Senate selected members from here to be part of the legislative

28
Q

What was the Tribunate?

A

The lower chamber of the legislature
Had 100 members
Discussed legislation but didn’t vote

29
Q

What was the legislative body?

A

Upper chamber of legislature
Had 300 members
Voted on legislation but didn’t discuss it

30
Q

What was the Senate?

A

80 members nominated by 1st consul
Appointed for life
Duty to ‘protect the constitution’ advised 1st Consul on draft legislation
Selected deputies for 2 bodies of legislature
Could override decisions made by legislature using senatus consultum

31
Q

What is senatus consultum?

A

A senatorial decree that was not referred to the Tribunate or Legislative Body

32
Q

What was the Council of State?

A

Chosen by 1st Consul
Acted as advisory body
Nominated officials + prepared draft legislation

33
Q

What was the First Consul?

A

Shared executive power with 2 others
Held office for 10 years
Appointed ministers
Acted as director of policy + initiator of all legislation

34
Q

What were S ideas?

A

Having a single Grand Elector as Head of State - N vetoed this
Wanted 2 consuls that had separate powers one for internal affairs and the other for external
He wanted N to be head of external
N insisted on ‘First Consul’ + 2 others advised
Supported idea of senate protecting

35
Q

What did S do in the new constitution?

A

Disappointed with outcome of his work
Him + Ducos - entered new senate

36
Q

Who were the 2 replacement consuls?

A

Jean-Jaques Régis de Cambacérès
Charles-François Lebrun
Both very loyal to N

37
Q

What was this the first constitution in the rev to not have?

A

A Declaration of Rights

38
Q

How many people were allowed to serve in a legislature?

A

6,000 out of 6,000,000 males

39
Q

What percentage of the members of the legislature had to be replaced annually?

A

20%