110 final Flashcards
what is journalism?
- activity of gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information
- set of institutions that publicize information and commentary on contemporary affairs
- normally shown as true and accurate
- Aimed to provide people verified informations = personal better decisions
aim of journalism
to provide people with verified information they can use to make better decisions
journalism rhetorical aims
- writing to report/inform
- writing to explain
- writing to persuade
- writing to entertain
- writing to change the world
journalisms democratic function
- engaged citizenry
- watchdog function
-“the job of the newspaper is to comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable”
brief history of journalism
- news accounts first appear around 16 century in Europe
- broadsheets, pamphlets and smaller booklets announced single events
- high speed printing
- increased literacy
- emergence of advertising
- yellow journalism or tabloid journalism
- the Canadian press
- circulation in Canada of 5.7million in 1989
journalism and the public
(public sphere)
- an abstract space where people can discuss and debate matters of common interest and concern (Jurgen habermas)
- to know the world but also to act in the world
- readers as citizens, not consumers
journalism and the public
(freedom of the press)
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Right to freedom of opinion & expression without interference, and to
seek-receive-impart info & ideas through any media regardless of frontiers
pipeline model
sources
- events
- meetings
- news conferences
———>
medium
- radio
- TV
- newspapers
- magazines
———–>
Audience
journalism as representation
(representations)
the production of meaning through language
journalism as representation
(re-presentation:)
the act of putting ideas into words, images, symbols, and texts
journalism’s representation
(agenda setting)
media tells us what to think about
journalism representation
(encoding/decoding)
encoding: placing meaning in a particular code
decoding: interpreting meaning making
frames
“composed of little tacit theories about what exists, what happens, and what matters”
how syntax changes:
- Focusing on subgroup communications:
-whether or not you understand it right away based on your connection towards the imagery- can be insulting through the “tell me you’re [blank] without telling me you’re [blank]”
- Acts a new way of communicating with conversational goals that involve images
emojis
- evolvd to meet new challenges of text-based writing
- writing: lose non-verbal cues
-“surrogate faces” - help us say things that are difficult to say
- defend against the ‘meanness” of the internet
- no built-in linguistic capacity for meanness
economic censorship and media conglomerates
- What is presented to us, not just through television, but through various forms of media during this period is determined by the owners, the media conglomerates, the advertisers who are paying
economic censorship and television
media conglomerates, power and symbolic violcence, we can turn our attention to television, femal singers and music videos
telecommunications act 1996, & 2003
media conglomerates were allowed to
own more and more outlets, and what is being prioritized as “important news”
- Ex. Time Warner owning CNN & porn channels; sexualized drama
becoming mainstream through this convergence of ownership
why the change of the tellecomnications act
- Media conglomerates (television, newspaper stories, radio, etc.)
- Power
- Symbolic Violence
- Reality effect: belief in what is shown, power to mobilize, generate ideas, inflict negative feelings