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Geography > P2. section B case studies > Flashcards

P2. section B case studies Flashcards

1
Q

list 4 positives about tourism in jamaica?

A

income from tourism is $2 billion and taxes paid
provides 200,000 jobs
employees learn new skills
employment further boosts economy due to multiplier effect

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2
Q

list 5 negatives about tourism in Jamaica

A
  1. profits goes to foreign companies such as tour operators
  2. can cause rise in prices – local people can’t afford food,
  3. foreign companies bring foreign workers to do skilled jobs
  4. mass tourism can lead to excessive waste and harmful emissions
  5. tourism entertaining ppl instead of educating the –> local people upset
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3
Q

how much income comes from tourism in jamaica?

A

$2 billion

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4
Q

how much jobs does tourism provide in jamaica?

A

200,000 jobs

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5
Q

Nigeria is the ___ largest producer of oil in the world

A

12th

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6
Q

Nigeria ranks as the ___ largest contributor to UN peacekeeping around the world

A

5th

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7
Q

give an example of a business Nigeria makes money from?

A

Telecoms and financial services (banking)

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8
Q

Nigeria has the ___ largest manufacturing sector in Africa

A

3rd

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9
Q

__% of Nigeria’s population are employed in the farming industry

A

70%

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10
Q

List 7 factors influencing Nigeria’s development

A
  1. Berlin Conference 1883
  2. Civil war 1967-1970
  3. Political stability from 2011
  4. Nollywood
  5. Boko Haram
  6. Independence 1960
  7. North is drier than the south
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11
Q

Nigeria: what is the Berlin Conference? what factor is it?

A

European leaders met to divide Africa, each country to control of an African country to use their natural resources and enslave their people
- 1883
-political factor

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12
Q

How did political stability in Nigeria from 2011 influence their development?

A

Democratic elections were seen to be fair so companies now want to invest their (e.g shell)
- this sped up Nigeria’s development as people receive jobs from the companies and can pay tax

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13
Q

Nigeria: What caused the civil war? factor? year?

A

South east who followed Igbo religion tried to separate from rest of Nigeria, so fighting happened
- social factor
- 1967 - 1970

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14
Q

How did the civil war influence Nigeria’s development?

A

slowed down Nigeria’s development as money was used to fund weapons and artillery instead of development

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15
Q

Nigeria: What is Boko Haram?

A

an Islamic group causing problems e.g kidnapping children (mainly school girls), to encourage people to follow them

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16
Q

How did Boko Haram influence Nigeria’s development?

A

Parents afraid to send kids to school especially girls –> so literacy rate decreases –> less people earn high paid jobs —> less high taxes paid to government to develop

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17
Q

Nigeria: what did their independence cause?

A

gained Independence in 1960, so different groups wanted power, caused civil wars and political instability. However Nigeria kept money from trade

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18
Q

Nigeria: why is the North much drier than the south?

A

because it is near the Sahel region which is an arid (dry &hot) area of desert.

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19
Q

How does the north of Nigeria being much drier than the south affect it’s development?

A

slows down NIgeria’s development as crop couldn’t grow in the south because they are not being watered by the rain –> can’t trade –> can’t receive profit–> can’t develop

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20
Q

how did Nollywood influence Nigeria’s development?

A

it is the 2nd largest film industry in the world.
- Nigeria receives profit from people paying to watch–> uses profit to develop country

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21
Q

Where are majority of Nigeria’s imports from? %?

A

from the EU and China
- approx. 33% each

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22
Q

where does majority of Nigeria’s exports come from? %?

A

EU with 40%

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23
Q

what country has the highest % of Nigeria’s trade? %?

A

The EU with 40%

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24
Q

what is the TNC for Nigeria?

A

Shell

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25
Q

List 8 positives on TNC Shell in Nigeria

A
  1. TNCs often have charities to help people in the country work
    - (e.g Shell Foundation helps local community)
  2. Allows the import of new technologies into country
  3. spent $12 billion in LICs
  4. pay tax (e.g Shell paid £20 billion in corporation tax in 2013
    5) 65,000 jobs created directly
    250,000 jobs created indirectly
  5. investing in using renewable energy
  6. Many TNCS do try to clean up after accidentally damaging the climate
  7. Shell uses local companies for their supplies to help them run
    - creates the multiplier effect
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26
Q

List 8 negatives on TNC Shell in NIgeria?

A
  1. jobs not secure —> company can decide to change location
  2. human right abuse ( Shell accused of crimes against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta)
  3. poor working conditions, 12+hours long (‘Sweat Shops’)
  4. TNCs activities have polluted the environment in the past , Shell has had many incidents (including oil spills which has killed wildlife and crops)
  5. Economic leakage —> money made doesn’t always stay in Nigeria but to HQ
  6. LICs employees paid much less the HICs for doing higher intensity jobs
  7. Profits from production goes straight to HQ and not reinvested i the LIC
  8. Not all jobs are given to local people, many of the higher paid jobs are given to HIC’s
27
Q

how many jobs did Shell create in Nigeria directly?

A

65,000 jobs

28
Q

how many jobs did Shell create in Nigeria indirectly?

A

250,000 jobs

29
Q

what is the name of the Shell charity? what does it do?

A

Shell Foundation
- helps sustainability and biodiversity and help local communities

30
Q

Which people was Shell accused of crimes against in Nigeria?

A

the Ogoni people in the Niger Dexta

31
Q

Nigeria: how much money has shell spent on LICs?

A

$12 billion

32
Q

how much corporation tax did Shell pay? what year?

A

£20 billion in 2013

33
Q

what does TNCs (Shell Nigeria) allow the import of?

A

new technologies

34
Q

Nigeria: what is the name for employees working 12+ hours in poor conditions?

A

’ Sweat Shops’

35
Q

List 4 examples of aid given to Nigeria

A
  1. World bank approved $500 million to fund development projects
    - long term loans to businesses
    - not only relying on oil exports
  2. USA aid educate and protect people from spread of HIV/AIDs
    - medicine provided
  3. UK Department of Internationals Development funded health and HIV programme, providing health education in rural areas
  4. Nets for life (an NGO) provides education on malaria prevention and distributes anti-mosquito nets for many households
36
Q

how much money did the World Bank approve for Nigeria?

A

$500 million

37
Q

Cambridge Science Park 9 benefits

A
  • 52 mins by train to central London
  • close to the M25
  • close to Stansted airport
  • 2.7 miles from centre of Cambridge university
  • home to 100+ business which are involved in medical and IT
  • 90+ research and development companies within the park
  • Micrsoft pledge £50million
  • employ almost 1/4 of workers in cambridge area
  • has nurseries
38
Q

Cambridge Science Park: how long does it take to get the central London by train?

A

52 minutes

39
Q

Cambridge Science Park: what airport is it near?

A

Stansted airport

40
Q

Cambridge Science Park: how many high tech companies within Cambridge region?

A

700 high tech companies

41
Q

Cambridge Science Park: how much did microsoft pledge? for what?

A

£50 million
-to build first European computer research centre in 1997

42
Q

Cambridge Science Park: how much workers does it employ within Cambridge area

A

almost 1/4

43
Q

what car industry is in Sunderland UK?

A

Nissan

44
Q

Nissan: 5 negatives

A
  • 20,000 gallons of water is needed for 1 car
  • petrol or diesel is needed which are obtained from oil —> oil spills
  • lots of resources need to make a car e.g steel, rubber, glass and plastic —> plastic pollution
  • most cars run by burning petrol or diesel—> releases CO2 and nitrogen dioxide –> causes breathing problems
  • consumes a lot of energy before even driven
45
Q

Nissan: how have they become more sustainable?(4)

A
  • 7% of energy comes from wind turbines
  • cars designed with recycable material —> less waste produced
  • electric cars –> no emissions
  • Nissan leaf —> their exhaust is restricted on releasing gas emissions
46
Q

Nissan: how many gallons of water is used to create each car?

A

20,000 gallons

47
Q

Nissan: what is burnt for a car to run

A

diesel or petrol

48
Q

Nissan: what gases are released when petrol or diesel is burnt

A

CO2 and nitrogen dioxide
- causes breathing problems

49
Q

Nissan: what is the name of their electric car?

A

Nissan leaf

50
Q

Nissan: what percentage of energy is from wind turbines?

A

7%

51
Q
A
  • young people forced to move away –> house prices increase due to high demand
  • services such as doctors is stretched
  • one of the highest petrol prices in the UK —> bcus of high demand from commuters
  • highly skilled ppl migrating to area –> no. of ppl in high paid jobs increases
52
Q
A
  • less population –> less working –> less income—> less tax
  • school closures due to reduction in number of school children
    -current infrastructure unable to support scale of tourism needed to provide an alternative source of income
  • increasing ageing population but fewer young ppl to help —> leads to care issues in future
53
Q

UK: What are the 4 transport improvements?

A
  1. Felixstowe port expansion
  2. Smart motorways
  3. 3rd runway at Heathrow
  4. HS2
54
Q

how much is Heathrow expansion?

A

£14bn

55
Q

what is the north-south divide?

A
56
Q

what are 3 strategies to reduce the north- south divide

A
  1. Devolving more powers
  2. Creating enterprise zones
  3. The Northern powerhouse
57
Q

What are examples of devolved power?

A

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

58
Q

what is an enterprise zone?

A

areas where money is spent to attract businesses to set up there

59
Q

why do people set up businesses in enterprise zones?

A

1.reduced taxes
2. simpler planning rules
3. improved infrastructure

60
Q

what is an example of an enterprise zone? what has it done?

A

Sheffield City Region Enterprise Zone
- set up in 2011
BY 2017 had:
- created 16,000 new jobs
- brought in £318 million of investment

61
Q

what is the northern powerhouse?

A

a plan by the government to invest money in the north and improve transport links between northern cities

62
Q

what did the northern powerhouse include?

A
  • spending £70 million on improving schools
  • HS2
63
Q

3 Disadvantages of enterprise zones

A
  1. jobs created not as high as expected
  2. jobs created are mainly secondary sector —> low skilled so low paid
  3. areas where the business is moving from will decline in development
64
Q

3 Disadvantages of the Northern Powerhouse?

A
  1. spend too much money on education and transport so other aspects not looked at
  2. money may not be invested successfully
  3. HS2 means £100 billion taken away from other areas of development

Geography (14 decks)

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