P2 section A (2) Flashcards
what are commuter settlements?
a place where people live and travel elsewhere for work
what is the rural - urban fringe?
the area at the very edge of the city beside the countryside
3 reasons the rural urban fringe is developed on?
- improved transport –> people can live in rural areas and commute to work quicker
- more space and cheaper land so businesses move there to expand
- larger houses for cheaper so people move there
5 push factors ( urban to rural)
- Housing is old, congested and relatively expensive
- There are various forms of
environmental pollution - air quality is poor, and noise levels are high
Companies find that there is a shortage of land for expansion or building shops, offices and factories
Brownfield sites are expensive to build on due to the added costs of cleaning the land prior to building; plus, there may be restrictions on what can be built
Access for heavy goods vehicles is limited or difficult, adding to congestion and air pollution
5 pull factors (urban to rural)
- Closeness to main roads and motorways allows for quicker and easier customer contacts
- Changing working patterns thanks to technology, e.g., flexible working, working from home, etc.
- Factories can be more spacious and
have plenty of room for workers
to park their cars - Closeness to main roads and motorways allows for quicker and easier commutes for car drivers and access for lorries
- Land is cheaper so houses are larger and have gardens
what are 2 environmental impacts of urban sprawl and growth of commuter settlements.
- loss of land and habitats –> to build homes, roads and railways in the commuter belt
- increased traffic in the local area and countryside areas—> increases road accidents and pollution
what are 3 social impacts of urban sprawl and growth of commuter settlements.
- increased traffic means more road accidents and pollution
- resentment builds between newcomers and locals in rural areas
- locals feel squeezed out - increased noise pollution
what are 2 economic impacts of urban sprawl and growth of commuter settlements.
- increased cost of housing, in once cheaper areas, locals feel squeezed out
- Increased need for local services which puts pressure on the budget for local public finances
what are the London Docklands
the riverfront and former docks in London
Why did the London Docklands need regenerating?
- as technology developed to boats used for trade became too big to fit down the Thames.
- Manufacturing of products became cheaper to do abroad
- there were poor transport links into the area by road and rail
- the area housing consisted of 602 poorly built tower blocks
what happened after the London Docks closed down
London Docks economic factors (7)
- The London Dockland Development corporation offered low rents to companies which attracted TNC’s/ 100,000 people work in the London Docklands.
- The ExCel London opened up,which is a venue for award-winning exhibitions and conferences.
- London Docklands has its own railway, the Dockland Light Railway (DLR), which makes travell into the City of London easy.
- London City Airport opened in 1987 and is just 20 minutes from central London.
- The ‘new’ Jubilee line opened in 1979 which includes Canary Wharf
- A shift from lower skilled secondary work to higher paid and skilled tertiary work- to make
Canary Wharf the finance capital of Europe. - Unemployment has
fallen from 14.2% to 3.4% due to the many
TNC headquarters in the area e.g. HSBC.
London Dock social factors (7)
- 100’s of restaurants have opened, ranging from Chinese Yi Ban, Argentinian steak houses like Gaucho and the traditional British pub
- The ExCel London opened up,which is a venue for award-winning exhibitions and conferences.
- London Docklands has its own railway, the Dockland Light Railway (DLR), which makes travell into the City of London easy.
- London City Airport opened in 1987 and is just 20 minutes from central London.
- 50,000 new homes
have been built since 1981
with 8,000 local authority homes being improved. - The Docklands is home to the Museum of
London Docklands where you can discover the history of the capital. - The ‘new’ Jubilee line opened in 1979 which includes Canary Wharf
London Docks environmental factors (2)
- 160,000 trees were planted and
130,000 hectares of open
Space was created e.g. Jubilee park in Canary Wharf - Gardens have been ‘greened’, such as Crossrail Place Roof Garden in Canary Wharf.
how many people work in the London Docklands?
100,000 people
what is airport is near the centre London? when did it open? how far away?
London City Airport
- opened in 1987
- is 20 minutes from central London
