module 3 - 8.2 blood vessels Flashcards

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1
Q

what are blood vessels part of?

A

part of the closed circulatory systems

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2
Q

what are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • venules
  • veins
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3
Q

what do arteries and arterioles do with blood?

A

carry OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart to the body cells

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4
Q

what do veins and venules do with blood?

A

carry DEOXYGENATED blood from the body cells INTO the heart

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5
Q

where do capillaries go?

A

drain into venules, then into veins, then back to the heart

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6
Q

arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated blood, except which?

A
  • pulmonary artery
  • umbilical artery
    both carry deoxygenated blood
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7
Q

which parts of the body have no blood flow?

A
  • cornea of the eye
  • lens of the eye
  • epithelium
  • cartilage
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8
Q

what are the components of a blood vessel?

A
  • elastic fibres
  • smooth muscle
  • collagen
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9
Q

what do elastic fibres do?

A
  • they are made of elastin
  • they stretch and recoil
  • provide blood vessel with flexibility
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10
Q

what does smooth muscle do?

A

contracts and relaxes changing size of the lumen
- NOT TO PUMP BLOOD

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11
Q

what does collagen do?

A

provides structural support to maintain shape and volume of vessel

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12
Q

what are the 3 layers to arteries, arterioles, venules and veins?

A

tunica externa - outer layer
tunica media - middle layer
tunica intima - inner layer

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13
Q

what is the endothelium a part of?

A

the inner layer

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14
Q

what is the tunica externa?

A
  • outermost layer of artery or vein
  • made of collagen fibres & elastic tissue
  • has small blood vessels that supply large blood vessels
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15
Q

what is the tunica media?

A

middle layer
- made of smooth muscle cells, elastic tissue, and collagen fibres

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16
Q

what is the tunica intima?

A
  • innermost layer
  • has direct contact with blood flow
  • made up of 1 layer of endothelial cells
17
Q

what is the composition of the tunica intima within elastic arteries?

A
  • single layer of endothelium cells
  • supporting layer of elastin rich collagen
18
Q

what is the composition of muscular arteries, arterioles, veins and venules?

A

single layer of endothelial cells

19
Q

what do arteries and arterioles do?

A
  • carry blood at high pressure
  • have narrow lumen (maintains pressure)
  • thick elastic & muscle layers to expand & recoil as heart beats
  • arterioles have greatest influence on local AND overall blood pressure, ‘adjustable nozzles’ to greatest pressure drop occurs
20
Q

what is the diameter of a capillary?

A

5-10µm (RBC travel in single file)

21
Q

how are substances exchanged from blood cells to surrounding tissue?

A

gaps in endothelium

22
Q

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries

23
Q

what are continuous capillaries?

A

endothelial cells produce uninterrupted lining (joined together)

24
Q

what are fenestrated capillaries?

A

have pores in endothelial cells (allows exchange to happen faster)

25
Q

what are sinusoidal capillaries?

A

open-pore capillary, wider openings in endothelium

26
Q

what are the adaptations of a capillary?

A

large SA - allows diffusion and metabolic demands to be met
cross sectional area is small - reduces rate of blood flow from artery/arteriole, allows enough time to exchange materials
endothelium is one cell thick - short diffusion pathway

27
Q

what do walls of veins contain?

A

lots of collagen, few elastic fibres and muscle

28
Q

what do venules contain?

A

no elastin, no elastic fibres, no smooth muscle

29
Q

what are valves?

A

act as one way blood flow system to prevent back flow

30
Q

what do large valves have?

A

have active muscle moving blood

31
Q

what are breathing movements?

A

occurs in the chest, this aids the movement of blood

32
Q

what happens if a vein wall becomes weakened?

A

valves may no longer close properly, allows backflow of blood, causes vein to become large and bumpy and VARICOSE

33
Q

when does a vein become varicose?

A

happens in superficial veins near skin surface in lower legs
- vicarious veins can be surgically removed without affecting blood flow

34
Q

what is glucose used for?

A

respiration in cells

35
Q

what do coronary arteries do?

A

carries blood to heart muscle