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Yr 2 EOYS > HD EOYS6 > Flashcards

HD EOYS6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which virus has differing chronicty depending on age at infection?

EBV
Hep B
VZV
Hep C
HSV

A

Which virus has differing chronicty depending on age at infection?

EBV
Hep B
Hep C
HSV

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2
Q

Name a virus that is usually asymptomatic in early life but is typically worse in 15-25 years old

EBV
Hep B
VZV
Hep C
HSV

A

Name a virus that is usually asymptomatic in early life but is typically worse in 15-25 years old

EBV
Hep B
VZV
Hep C
HSV

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3
Q

Which of these is not in the top three reasons for sepsis and meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB)
Respiratory syncytial virus

A

Which of these is not in the top three reasons for sepsis and meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB)
Respiratory syncytial virus

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4
Q

Which of the following causes scarlet fever?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

A

Which of the following causes scarlet fever?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

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5
Q

Which of the following is group A strep?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

A

Which of the following is group A strep?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

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6
Q

Which of the following is group B strep?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

A

Which of the following is group B strep?

Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans

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7
Q

Artesunate is the treatment for

EBV
VZV
Malaria
T. gondii
CMV

A

Artesunate is the treatment for

EBV
VZV
Malaria
T. gondii
CMV

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8
Q

IV ganciclovir is the treatment for? [1]

A

CMV

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9
Q

Describe pathophysiology caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

  • What process does the A-B subunit inhbit? [1]
  • What are the pathological consequences for the heart [2] & nerves? [3]
  • What structural change occurs in mouth? [1]
A

Diphtheria toxin: A and B subunits inhibits protein synthesis:

Heart implications:
- Myocarditis
- Heart block

Nerve implications:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Paralysis
- Diplopia

Get pseudomembrane in mouth

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10
Q

What are the four bacilli gram +ve organsims need to know? [3]

A

Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus: cereus (food pois); anthracis (anthrax)
Clostridium: tetani botulinum, difficile

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11
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease

A
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12
Q

Which two molecules are activated by LPS that cause inflammatory cascade for meningococcal disease? [2]

A

IL-6
TNF-α

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13
Q

Name three most common causes of septicaemia and meningitis [3]

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis
* Group B and C
* Increase in Group W since 2009
* Teenagers, university students

Haemophilus influenzae B (HiB)

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14
Q

Which of the following causes “Pneumococcus”

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus

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15
Q

Explain three immune defects that could predispose an individual to an pneuomococcal infection [3]

A
  • HIV infection
  • Hypogammaglobulinaemia (low levels of IgG due to B cells not being able to mature)
  • Absent / non-functional spleen
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16
Q

Give three reasons for an absent / non-functional spleen [3]

A

Congenital asplenia
Traumatic removal
Hyposplenism (eg sickle cell)

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17
Q

Name 4 invasive features of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection

A
  • Meningitis
  • Sepsis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Septic arthritis
  • Peritonitis
  • Lobar pneumonia
  • Empyema
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18
Q

Name the two most common presentations of Pneumococcal pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae) [2]

A
  1. Lobar pneuomonia
  2. Empyema (a serious complication characterized by pus and bacteria in the pleural)
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19
Q

How would you manage empyema caused by pneuomococcal pneuomonia? [2]

A

Chest drain
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)

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20
Q

Name two rheumatological implications of pneuomococcal pneuomonia infection

A

Osteomyelitis (inflammation in a bone and bone marrow, usually caused by bacterial infection)

Septic arthritis

21
Q

Name the two vaccinations for Streptococcus pneumoniae [2] and how many serotypes they protect agaisnt [2]

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV): Penuomax - covers 23 serotypes

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV): Prevenar protects against 13 serotypes

22
Q

Which pathogen causes A? [1]

A

Corynebacterium dipetheria

23
Q

Which pathogen cauese this symptom? [1]

A

Neisseria meningitidis - septic patient

24
Q

What is the most common cause of lobal pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

25
Q

What is the most common organism responsible for infective endocarditis?

Streptococcus bovis
Staphylococcus epidermis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus viridans

A

What is the most common organism responsible for infective endocarditis?

Streptococcus bovis
Staphylococcus epidermis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus viridans

26
Q

A 6-year-old child presents to your clinic unwell with a fever and sore throat. Upon further history taking you discover he has not had any vaccinations. On examination, there is a grey-white coloured membrane covering his tonsils.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

A 6-year-old child presents to your clinic unwell with a fever and sore throat. Upon further history taking you discover he has not had any vaccinations. On examination, there is a grey-white coloured membrane covering his tonsils.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

27
Q

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

28
Q

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

29
Q

Which pathogens cause A & B? [2]

A

A: measles
B: scarlet fever

30
Q

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever - looks a little bit like sunburn

31
Q

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
Rubella
Measles
Scarlet Fever Scarlet fever: white strawberry tongue (left) and red strawberry tongue (right). Streptococcus pyogenes

32
Q

Which of types of malaria can lie dormant? [2]

A

F. vivax, F. ovale

33
Q

What type of virus is enterovirus, Hep A & rotavirus?

Enveloped RNA
Envelopoed DNA
Non-enveloped RNA
Non-enveloped DNA

A

What type of virus is enterovirus, Hep A & rotavirus?

Enveloped RNA
Envelopoed DNA
Non-enveloped RNA
Non-enveloped DNA

34
Q

Name this symptom [1]
What causative agent is most likely to have caused this infection?

A

Herpetic whitlow

Caused by HSV-1 (60% of cases, HSV-2 in 40%)

35
Q

What causative agent is most likely to have caused this? [1]

A

Congenital CMV infection

36
Q

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
VZV
Measles
Scarlet Fever

A

Which pathogen is most likely to have caused this symptom?

Diphtheria
Mumps
VZV
Measles
Scarlet Fever

37
Q

What is this infection? [1]
Name the two most likely causative agents? [1]

A

Impetigo

Agents: group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.

38
Q

Label the causative agents of A-C

A

A: VZV
B: Scarlet Fever
C: Measles

39
Q

Name the most likely causative agent of this symptom [1]

A

Epstein-Barr Virus - causing infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

40
Q

Name the most likely causative agent of this symptom [1]

A

Epstein-Barr Virus - causing infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

41
Q

Which is the most severe form of malaria? [1]

A

Plasmodium falciparum

42
Q

Explain pathophysiology of malaria life cycle

A

Malaria is spread by mosquitoes

Infected blood is sucked up by feeding female Anopheles mosquito.

Malaria in the blood reproduces in the gut of the mosquito producing thousands of sporozoites (malaria spores).

The mosquito bites another human or animal the sporozoites are injected by the mosquito. These sporozoites travel to the liver of the newly infected person

Sporozoites mature in the liver into merozoites which enter the blood and infect red blood cells.

merozoites reproduce over 48 hours, after which the red blood cells rupture releasing loads more merozoites into the blood and causing a haemolytic anaemia

43
Q

Explain the differences in the presentations of Herpes simplex in older children and adults [3] compared to very young children [2]

A

Older children and adults: relatively benign
* Herpes labialis
* Herpetic whitlow
* Cold sore

Neonates: causes perncious effects via two presentations:

  • Disseminated HSV
  • HSV encephalitis:
44
Q

Treatment of congenital CMV? [2]
How does it work agaisnt CMV [1]
How long should treatment last? [1]

A

IV ganciclovir
or
oral valganciclovir (pro-drug) :inhibits DNA synthesis

6 months of treatment reduces hearing loss and improves neurodevelopment

45
Q

What are potential secondary bacterial infections of VZV? [1]
Name a consequence of this secondary bacterial infection [1]

A

Strep. infection (specifically Strep A)
Causes Necrotizing fasciitis

46
Q

Name a virus that is usually asymptomatic in early life but is typically worse in 15-25 years old [1]

A

Epstein-Barr virus: causes infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

47
Q

Which virus has differing chronicty depending on age at infection? [1]

A

Hep. B

48
Q

How does Hepatitis B chronicity depend on age at infection?

A

Chronic HBV infection occurs in approximately 90% of newborns infected perinatally, 30% of children aged under 5 years, and <5% of immunocompetent adults.

49
Q

Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by bacteria called []

Pneumococcal disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called []

A

Meningococcal disease refers to any illness caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis.

Pneumococcal disease is a name for any infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae

Yr 2 EOYS (58 decks)

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