Chapter 8

Question 1

When receptors in the stomach stretch and hormones like cholecystokinin become active, a person starts to feel full. It tell us to “stop eating” and it determines How much food is consumed during one meal.

Answer 1

Satiation

Question 2

Suppress hunger and allows a person to eat again for a while. Reminds us to “not start eating again.”

Answer 2

Satiety

Question 3

It is a deep structure within the brain that is linked to the endocrine system and nervous system and maintains homeostasis. The need for food is triggered by nerve signals and chemical messengers in the hypothalamus.

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Basal metabolism is the energy needed to maintain life at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest. Basal metabolic rate is the rate of energy use for metabolism under specific conditions after a 12-hour fast and restful sleep. It is usually expressed as kcalories per kilogram of body weight per hour.

Answer 4

Basal metabolism/BMR

Question 5

Voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles and their support systems; the muscle needs the energy to move, and the heart and lungs need the energy to provide and deliver nutrients and oxygen and dispose of waste.

Answer 5

Physical activity

Question 6

It estimates the energy required to process food (digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store ingested nutrients).

Answer 6

Thermic effect of food

Question 7

The generation of heat and used as an index of how much energy the body is expending.

Answer 7

Thermogenesis

Question 8

Changes that the body makes in its energy expenditure due to environmental effects like extreme cold, overfeeding, trauma, and changes in hormone status.

Answer 8

Adaptive thermogenesis

Question 9

Fat stored in the abdominal cavity that covers the internal abdominal organs.

Answer 9

Visceral fat

Question 10

Is excess fat in locations other than adipose tissue like the liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and pancreas.

Answer 10

Ectopic fat

Question 11

Fat stored directly under the skin.

Answer 11

Subcutaneous fat

Question 12

An eating disorder that is caused by the refusal to maintain normal body weight due to perception of body shape and weight.

Answer 12

Anorexia nervosa

Question 13

An eating disorder that is caused by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, misuse of laxatives, etc.

Answer 13

Bulimia nervosa

Question 14

An eating disorder caused by recurring episodes of eating a significant amount of food in a short period of time with marked feelings or lack of control.

Answer 14

Binge eating disorder

Question 15

Generally, how many calories in excess of needs would contribute to one pound of fat?

Answer 15

According to the 3500-rule, 3500 calories is approximately 1 pound.

Question 16

Which nutrient(s) contributes the most to satiation and satiety?

Answer 16

Protein and dietary fiber

Question 17

Describe the role of the hypothalamus in appetite control.

Answer 17

The role of the hypothalamus in appetite control is it acts as a control center hunger and satiety.

Question 18

List the 3 components of energy expenditure, then tell which one is most variable between individuals.

Answer 18

The three components of energy expenditure are physical activities, thermic effect of food, and basal metabolism. The one that is the most variable between individuals is physical activities, it has the greatest variability.

Question 19

What is the term for the amount of energy that the body derives from foods?

Answer 19

Physiological fuel value