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FCP > Small Animal Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Small Animal Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What should the blood pressure of a dog be?

A

Between 90/50 to 140/80 mmHg

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2
Q

What should a dog’s MAP be?

A

60-100 mmHg

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3
Q

What is a cats MAP?

A

Around 60-100 mmHg

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4
Q

What should a cat’s blood pressure be?

A

80/55 to 140/75 mmHg

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5
Q

What is a horse’s normal blood pressure?

A

110/90 to 160/110 mmHg

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6
Q

What is a horse’s MAP?

A

110-120 mmHg

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7
Q

What should a horses blood pressure remain above during surgery?

A

60 mmHg

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8
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a painful procedure on an ASA 1/2 dog.

A

Acepromazine or (dex)medetomidine with an appropriate opioid.

I.e. methadone, or fentanyl

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9
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a non-painful procedure on an ASA 3 dog.

A

Low dose Acepromazine with an appropriate opiod.

Or Midazolam/diazepam with an apprpriate opioid

i.e. butorphanol, buprenorphine, pethidine, methadone, fentanyl

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10
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a painful procedure on an ASA 4 dog.

A

Midazolam and opioid

Opioid alone

Methadone or fentanyl

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11
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a painful procedure on an ASA 5 dog.

A

Methadone or Fentanyl alone

Or with Low dose midazolam/diazepam

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12
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a painful procedure on an ASA 3 cat.

A

Acepromazine and methadone

Midazolam and methadone

Midazolam and ketamine

Alfaxalone IM or SC with Midazolam /methadone

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13
Q

Outline an appropriate pre-medication for a painful procedure on an ASA 4 cat.

A

Benzodiazepine and Methadone

Benzodiazepine and ketamine

Alfaxalone IM or SC with midazolam/methadone

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14
Q

A cat is administered 10x the correct volume of midazolam by mistake.

Can this be reveresed, if so, with what?

A

Yes, flumazenil

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15
Q

A cat is administered 5x the correct volume of methadone by mistake.

Can this be reveresed, if so, with what?

A

Yes, naloxone

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16
Q

A cat is administered 5x the correct volume of xylazine by mistake.

Can this be reveresed, if so, with what?

A

Yes, atipamezole

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17
Q

What breathing system/circuit is this?

A

Parallel lack

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18
Q

What breathing system/circuit is this?

A

Co-axial lack

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19
Q

What breathing system/circuit is this?

A

Co-axial lack

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20
Q

What sized patient can a lack be used on?

A

Above 10kg

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21
Q

What is the circuit factor of the lack?

A

1

22
Q

What sized patitent can a mini lack be used on?

A

2-10kg

23
Q

What breathing system is this?

A

Co-axial bane

24
Q

What breathing system is this?

A

Co-axial bane

25
Q

What breathing system is this?

A

Parallel bane

26
Q

What is the circuit factor of a bain?

A

2.5

27
Q

What is the circuit factor of a bain?

A

2.5

28
Q

What sized patients can use the bain?

A

Greater than 10kg

29
Q

What type of circuit is this?

A

T-piece

30
Q

What type of circuit is this?

A

T-piece

31
Q

What circuit factor does a T-piece have?

A

2.5

32
Q

What sized patients can a T-piece be used in?

A

Under 10kg

33
Q

What breathing system is this?

A

The Humphrey ADE system

34
Q

What is this breathing system?

A

A circle.

35
Q

What is the FGF for the circle and why?

A

Initially, 100ml/kg/min for the first 10-15 minutes - denitrogination.
Flood patient with volatile agent to take over from induction agent.

Then 10ml/kg/min maintenence

36
Q

What size patients can a standard circle accommodate

A

Greater than 10 kg

37
Q

How is FGF calculated?

A

FGF= MV x CF

38
Q

How is MV calculated?

A

MV = TV x RR (20)

39
Q

How is TV calculated?

A

TV = 10ml/kg

So:

TV = 10 x weight

40
Q

What is the position of the valve when giving IPPV?

A

Closed, then opened immediatly afterwards.

41
Q

A cat undergoing a GA has the following MPM readings:

What are the problems with this patient?

What could you do to remedy theses?

A

Hypotension - Administer IV fluids (LRS)

Tachyponeaic - Reduce volatile agent.

42
Q

What are the problems with this dog?

What could you do to remedy theses?

A

ETCO2 is too high (hypercapnia)

Dyspnoeic

The plane of anaesthesia is too deep.

Heart rate is low, but not critical.

Actions:

  • IPPV
  • Check FGF
  • Reverse alpha-2s
  • Reduce volatile agent
43
Q

A cat undergoing a C-section has the following MPM readings:

What are the problems with this patient?

What could you do to remedy theses?

A

O2 Saturation is low
Hypotension

Actions:
* Reduce volatile agent
* Increase fluid rate/give a bolus/put on fluids (LRS)
* Check FGF

Possible that uterus is squashing caudal vena cava. Tilt cat to try and get pressure off CVC. This will increase venous return to heart, thus HR should reduce and O2 sat should improve.

44
Q

5 minutes later the MPM looks like this?

What has happened?

What remedial actions will you take?

A

The cat has stopped breathing.

Actions:
* Start IPPV
* Check capnograph/breathing system

45
Q

What is doxapram

A

Respiratory stimulant

46
Q

What drug can be used as a respiratory stimulant

A

Doxapram

47
Q

Towards the end of the procedure you notice this on the capnograph.

What does this indicate?

What do you need to do now?

A

A blocked ET tube

Reintubate with a clean tube.

48
Q

You have been ventilating
Max for 40 minutes and
recently the capnopgraph
trace looks like this?

What is happening?

What action do you take to rectify it?

A

Max is trying to breath against the ventilation.

Pause and adjust frequency of IPPV.

49
Q

What is happening on this MPM?

What do you do to rectify the situation?

A

Increased ETCO2
Decreasing O2 saturation

Actions:
Check FGF
Check soda-lime in circle
Check circle valves are functioning.

50
Q

What is happening on the MPM?

What actions do you need to take?

A
  • HR is normal but no pulse/ QRS complex (trace)
  • No SPO2
  • No ETCO2
  • No respiratory rate

Actions:
* Check values manually
* Follow algorithms- CPR
* Turn off volatile agent
* Ventilate patient
* Cycle adrenaline and atropine

Blood pressure readings are not constant, they display the last reading.

51
Q

After two rounds of CPR, the MPM looks like this:

What does this show you?

What do you need to do?

A

Low ETCO2 indicates that blood is flowing. However, that compressions are insufficient.

Heart rate is very high and not of a useful rythm.

Actions:
* Defribulate
* Do better compressions.

52
Q

What are normal ETCO2 levels?

A

Between 35-45mmHg

FCP (14 decks)

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