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FCP > Pathology- Cases > Flashcards

Pathology- Cases Flashcards

1
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Papilloma - benign

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2
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Adenoma - benign

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3
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma - malignant

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4
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Adenocarcinoma - malignant

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5
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Histiocytoma - Benign

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6
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Plasmacytoma - benign

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7
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Mast Cell Tumour - malignant

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8
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lymphoma - malignant

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9
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Malignant myeloma - malignant

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10
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lymphadenitis - benign

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11
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Fibroma - benign

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12
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Leiomyoma - benign

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13
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Sarcoma - malignant

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14
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Melanoma - malignant

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15
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Fibrosarcoma - malignant

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16
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Hemangiosarcoma - malignant

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17
Q

A FNA sample is taken of a skin lump:
Identify what process is going on?
Is this malignant or benign?

A

Lipoma - benign

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18
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Squame (surface)

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19
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Basal (surface)

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20
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Transitional (surface)

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21
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Hair follicle (surface)

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22
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Apocrine (glandular)

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23
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Epithelial: Exocrine (glandular)

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24
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Round: Lymphocyte

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25
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Round: Mast cell

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26
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Round: Plasma cell

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27
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Round: Histiocyte

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28
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Mesenchymal: Fibrocyte

29
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Mesenchymal: Muscle cell / myocyte

30
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Mesenchymal: Osteoblast

31
Q

Identify the cell type

i.e. round cell, RBC

A

Mesenchymal: Endothelial cell

32
Q

What USG value would be considered hyposthenuric?

A

Less than 1.008

33
Q

What USG value would be considered concentrated?

A

1.030 depending on species

34
Q

What physical properties of urine are examined?

A
  • Colour
  • Turbidity
  • Odour
  • USG
35
Q

What chemical properties of urine are examined?

A
  • pH
  • Protein
  • Glucose
  • Ketones
  • Bilirubin
  • Blood
36
Q

What are casts?

A

Protein or cell collections moulded in lumens of tubules.

37
Q

What do casts indicate?

A

Tubular damage

38
Q

Outline causes of neutrophilia.

A
  • Inflammation
  • Steriods
  • Physiological
  • Leukaemia
  • Paraneoplastic
39
Q

How do steriods cause neutrophilia?

A

Glucocorticoids, reased due to: stress, treatment or HAC, causes demargination. This increases the number of circulating neutrophils, and decreases the number bound.

40
Q

How do physiological facotors cause neutrophilia?

A

Adrenaline causes demargination.

41
Q

What is a left shift?

A

Where immature neutrophis are released from the marrow storage pool cells.

42
Q

What can cause a left shift?

A
  • Endotoxemia
  • Acute infection
  • Hypoxia
  • Glucocorticoids
43
Q

What is a right shift?

A

Neutrophils can’t leave the circulation to die. As a result, more mature/aged neutrophils remain in circulation.

44
Q

What cytological signs indicate mature/aged neutrophils?

A

Hyper-segmented (5 or more) nuclear lobes

45
Q

When is a right shift obserbed?

A

Chronic steriod therapy.
Chronic HAC

46
Q

What do toxic neutrophils indicate?

A

Rapid neutropoiesis

Sometimes: parvo, IMHA, neoplasia.

They are a prognostic indicator.

47
Q

What are the key features of a toxic neutrophil seen in cytology?

A
  • Foamy cytoplasm
  • Diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia
  • Dohle bodies
  • Asynchronus nuclear maturation.
48
Q

Outline some of the causes of neutropenia

A

Inflammation
Infections
Toxicity
Neoplasm
Marrow necrosis

49
Q

Outline the interpretation of neutropenia in acute inflammation for Dogs, horses and cows.

A

Dogs- indicates a very severe lesion
Horses - probably a severe lesion
Cows- Typical in inflammation regardless of severity.

50
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Low levels of neutrophils, platlets and RBCs.

51
Q

Outline causes of lymphocytosis.

A

Catecholamine mediated (via splenic contraction)

Chronic inflammation

Young animals and recent vaccination

Hypo AC

52
Q

Outline causes of lymphopenia

A

Stress/steroid

Acute inflammation

Loss of lymph

Cytotoxic drugs

Lymphoma

53
Q

Causes of monocytosis

A

Inflammation

Stress/steriod

Leaukaemia

54
Q

Outline causes of eosinophilia

A

Hypersensitivity
Parasitism
Hypo AC
Neoplasm
Idiopathic

55
Q

Outline causes of eosinopenia

A

Stress/steriods
Inflammation

56
Q

What is polycythaemia?

A

Increase in PCV, Hgb concentration and RBC count

57
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

Abnormal RBCs

58
Q

What is serous inflammation?

A

Inflammation with exudation of fluid with a low concentration of plasma protein and no to low numbers of leukocytes

59
Q

What is fibrinous inflammation?

A

Fibrinous inflammation
Inflammation with
exudation of fibrinogen
and fluid, and
formation of thick,
friable, loosely
adherent fibrin.

60
Q

What is purulent inflammation

A

Purulent inflammation
Inflammation with production
of pus, viscous to creamy
liquid, an exudate consisting of
degenerated and necrotic
neutrophils, debris and fluid. It
is typically associated to
bacterial infections

61
Q

What is Haemorrhagic inflammation?

A

Inflammation with vascular damage, loss of integrity of endothelium and/or
extensive tissue necrosis, with leakage of red blood cells.

62
Q

What inflammation is shown here?

A

Serous inflammation

63
Q

What inflammation is this?

A

Fibrinous inflammation

64
Q

What inflammation is this?

A

Purulent inlammation

65
Q

What inflammation is this?

A

Haemorrhagic inflammation

66
Q

What are the main cell types involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages

M1 or M2 cells

67
Q

Give examples of chronic inflammation.

A

▪ Without a clear Pathogen:
▪ Atopic Dermatitis
▪ Inflammatory bowel disease
▪ Toxic agent

With a clear Pathogen
▪ Parasitic
▪ Fungal
▪ Neoplastic

68
Q

What does this histology image depict?

A

Granulomatous lesion

FCP (14 decks)

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