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Infection Extras > infection conditions > Flashcards

infection conditions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. how does cellulitis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of cellulitis?
  3. what is the treatment of cellulitis?
A
  1. red + swollen areas of skin
  2. staph aureus or strep pyogenes
  3. flucloxacillin - beta lactam so a cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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2
Q
  1. how does tonsilitis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of tonsilitis?
  3. what is the treatment of tonsilitis?
A
  1. inflammation of tonsils
  2. strep pyogenes
  3. penicillin V
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3
Q
  1. how does sepsis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of sepsis?
  3. what is the treatment of sepsis?
A
  1. overwhelming organ failure
  2. nisseria meningitidis
  3. ceftriaxone - beta lactam so cell wall synthesis inhibitor
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4
Q
  1. how does UTI present?
  2. what are risk factors for UTIs?
  3. what is the causative organism of UTI?
  4. what is the treatment of UTI?
A
  1. pain when peeing + needing to pee more frequently
  2. female, dysuria, increased urinary frequency
  3. E.Coli
  4. trimethoprim - folic acid synthesis inhibitor
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5
Q
  1. how does UTI 2 present?
  2. what is the causative organism of UTI 2?
  3. what is the treatment of UTI 2?
A
  1. vaginal thrush, yeast overgrowth, white discharge
  2. candida albicans
  3. topical: nystatin or clotrimazole, IV fluconazole (severe) or systemic: amphotericin B
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6
Q
  1. how does shingles present?
  2. what is the causative organism of shingles?
  3. what is the treatment of shingles?
A
  1. red rash fixed to one dermatome
  2. varicella zoster reactivation which is usually dormant in basal ganglia of cutaneous neurons
  3. acyclovir
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7
Q
  1. who is prone to a skin abscess?
  2. what is the causative organism of skin abscess?
  3. what is the treatment of skin abscess?
A
  1. minor scratches in diabetics, immunocompromised host
  2. staph aureus
  3. if MRSA then vancomycin otherwise flucloxacillin
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8
Q
  1. how does peritonitis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of peritonitis?
  3. what is the treatment of peritonitis?
A
  1. large bowel adenocarcinomas, lower abdominal pain which becomes generalised, hot and sweaty, air in abdominal cavity
  2. E.Coli
  3. trimethoprim - inhibits follic acid synthesis
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9
Q
  1. how does pneumonia present?
  2. what is the causative organism of pneumonia?
  3. what is the treatment of pneumonia by strep pneumoniae?
  4. what is the treatment of pneumonia by haemophilius influenza?
A
  1. pulmonary oedema, consolidation in lungs
  2. strep pneumoniae or haemophilius influenza
  3. mild = amoxicillin, moderate = amoxicillin and doxycycline, sever = doxycycline + co-amoxiclav (IV) – doxycycline only given if penicllin allergy
  4. co-amoxiclav + penicllin
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10
Q
  1. what is the causative organism of profuse diarrhoea?
  2. what is the treatment of profuse diarrhoea?
A
  1. C.difficile
  2. mild = metronidazole - inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, severe = vancomycin
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11
Q
  1. how does aortic valve stenosis/endocarditis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of aortic valve stenosis and endocarditis?
  3. what is the treatment of aortic valve stenosis / endocarditis infection?
A
  1. crescendo-decrescendo murmur, poor state of teeth
  2. viridans streptococci
  3. IV penicillin, gentamicin
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12
Q
  1. what is the causative organism of central line or prosthesis infection?
  2. what is the treatment of central line infection?
A
  1. staph epidermidis
  2. remove prosthesis or central line, if in blood flucloxacillin
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13
Q
  1. how can you identify what is causing vomitting and diarrhoea?
  2. what is the causative organism of vomitting and diarrhoea?
  3. what is the treatment of vomitting and diarrhoea?
A
  1. ELISA, PCR, stool sample
  2. norovirus
  3. no treatment, antipyretics, IV fluids
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14
Q
  1. how does pharyngitis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of pharyngitis?
  3. what is the treatment of pharyngitis caused by EBV?
  4. what is the treatment of pharyngitis caused by adenovirus?
  5. what is the treatment of pharyngitis caused by strep pyogenes?
A
  1. red roof of mouth
  2. EBV, adenovirus, strep pyogenes
  3. supportive treatment
  4. supportive treatment
  5. penicillin V or flucloxacillin
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15
Q
  1. how does TB present?
  2. what is the causative organism of TB?
  3. what is the treatment of TB?
A
  1. cloudy lungs MRI
  2. mycobacterium tuberculosis
  3. 2 antibiotics (isoniazid and rifampicin) for 6 months, and 2 additional antibiotics (pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for first 2 months / 6 months
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16
Q
  1. how does malaria present?
  2. what is the causative organism of malaria?
  3. what is the treatment of malaria?
A
  1. jaundice (travel)
  2. plasmodium falciparum
  3. quinine - integrates with DNA and disrupts parasite replication and transcription, doxycycline - blocks translation in bacteria by binding to 30s ribosome
17
Q
  1. how does schistomiosis present?
  2. what is the causative organism of schistomiosis?
  3. what is the treatment of schistomiosis?
A
  1. high eosinophil count - acute infection, fibrosis of liver and bladder - chronic infection, presence of helminths eggs in stool and urine
  2. helminths (parasitic worm)
  3. self limiting, praziquantel, oral corticosteroids for acute inflammation

Infection Extras (26 decks)

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