intro to antibiotics and resistance

Question 1

what are antimicrobials?

Answer 1

broad term to describe anti-bacterials, anti-fungal, anti-viral + anti-protozoal drugs

Question 2

what is the minimum inhibitory concentration?

Answer 2

first concentration of antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria

Question 3

what are the different types of antibiotic resistance?

Answer 3

1. intrinsic: bacteria is naturally resistant to antibiotic, this is permanent
2. acquired: micoorganism obtains ability to resist antibiotic to which it was previously susceptible
3. adapted: if sub-theraputic level of antibiotics used then theres only mild stress to bacteria - hence bacteria will respond by becoming resistant

Question 4

what are the different anti-fungals?

Answer 4

1. azoles inhibit cell membrane synthesis
2. polyenes inhibit cell membrane function

Question 5

what are the different anti-virals?

Answer 5

1. aciclovir prevents viral replication
2. oseltamivir prevents viral replication by inhibiting viral neuraminidase

Question 6

what are some beta lactam antibiotics?

Answer 6

penicillin
carbapenem
cephalosporin

Question 7

what is a side effect of cephalasporin?

Answer 7

causes C.difficle infection

Question 8

who should tetracyclines not be given to?

Answer 8

children <12 + pregnant or breastfeeding women

Question 9

what are side effects of fluroquinolones?

Answer 9

tendinitis and rupture
aortic dissection
CNS effects
C.difficle infection

Question 10

what are side effects of co-trimoxazole?

Answer 10

aplastic anaemia