hypothyroidism

Question 1

hypothyroidism causes 1

Answer 1

congenital, defects of hormone synthesis, autoimmune, post subacute thyroiditis

Question 2

features of congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 2

pale, puffy face, protruding tongue, protruding umbilicus, poor brain development, prolonged neonatal jaundice

Question 2

congenital 1

Answer 2

ectopic thyroid remnants, agenesis, dysgenesis, dyshormone genetic goiter (decreased TPO),

Question 3

defects of hormone synthesis causes

Answer 3

iodine deficiency, dyshormonogenesis, lithium, amiodarone

Question 4

autoimmune hypothyroidism

Answer 4

Hashimoto’s, atrophic, postpartum, rieoeuls thyroiditis’s

Question 5

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis definition

Answer 5

chronic lymphodtyic thyroiditis

Question 6

hashimotos thyroiditis risk factors

Answer 6

HLADR3/5, glucotoicoids, anabolic steriods, excessive iodine intake, female

Question 7

antibodies in hasimotos

Answer 7

anti TPO, anti TG

Question 8

hastimotos spesific symptoms

Answer 8

pertibial myxedema, periorbital myxedema, painless, hard, smooth goiter

Question 9

atrophic thyroiditis pathophysis

Answer 9

TSH receptor autoantibodies -> atrophy + fibrosis

Question 10

postpartum thyroiditis pathophysis

Answer 10

within 1 year of a birth, acute, self resolving, TPO, TG antibody

Question 11

subacute granulomatous thyroiditis/de quervains features

Answer 11

high ESR, hyperthyroidism -> hypothyroidism, self resolving, flu like symptoms, painful thyroid

Question 12

secondary hypothyroidism causes

Answer 12

hypothalamus tumour/trauma (decreased TRH), anteiro pituitary -> no TSH (sheehanand syndrome)

Question 13

hypothyroidism symptoms

Answer 13

decreased metabolism (weight gain, cold intolerance, decreased appetite), bradycardia, vasoconstriction (hypertension), short stature, decreased SNS (fatigue, memory loss, lethargy, depression, delayed deep tendon reflex), muscle aches, proximal muscle weakness, raised CK, not enough blood to skin (dry skin, brittle nails, hair loss (of eye brows), hyperlipidemia, GAG not broken down (pretibial myxedema, periorbital oedema, carpal tunnel syndrome, high TSH (riases prolactin -> testoerone + estrogen -> gynocmstea, menstrual distubances + decreased libido)

Question 14

investigation of hypothyroidism

Answer 14

1 (TSH high, T4 low), 2 (THS low, T4 low), TPO + TP antibodies, serum TG ( high in hashimotos), idodine levels

Question 15

treatment

Answer 15

levothyroxine (estrogen decreases T4, corticosteroids increase T4

Question 16

associated condition of hypothyroidism

Answer 16

high LDL, high CK, hypoglycemia, hypotonic hyponatremia

Question 17

myxoedema coma triggers

Answer 17

infection, surgery, trauma, extreme cold

Question 18

symptoms

Answer 18

bradycardia, hypotension, altered mental status, hypoglycaemia, hyperthermia

Question 19

myxoedema coma treamtent

Answer 19

IV T4, IV fluids, IV hydrocortisone until addisonian crisis ruled out