Doping In Sport Flashcards
What are the 8 mandatory international standards for WADA?
- code compliance by signatories
- education
- prohibited list
- therapeutic use exemptions (TUEs)
- testing and investigations
- laboratories
- results management
- protection of privacy and personal information
Name the 10 WADA anti-doping violations.
- the presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers in an athlete’s sample
- use or attempted use by an athlete of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method
- evading, refusing or failing to submit sample collections
- whereabouts failures (3 missed tests and/or filing failures in a 12 month period)
- tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control
- possession of a prohibited substance or a prohibited method
- trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method
- administration or attempted administration
- complicity
- prohibited association
Inclusion for drug or method on the WADA prohibited list must meet 2 of the 3 following criteria:
- evidence for potential to enhance or enhances sport performance (alone or in combination)
- evidence for health risk to the athlete
- use “violates the spirit of sport” (fair, ethical and respectful competition)
Substances and methods are included in the WADA prohibited list if it has the potential to ______ the use of a prohibited substance or method.
Mask
2 classifications of substances on WADA prohibited list:
- all the time
- in competition only
6 substances on WADA prohibited list - all the time:
- S0: non approved substances
- S1: anabolic agents
- S2: hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics (ex. EPO)
- S3: beta-2 agonists (ex. Common asthma medications)
- S4: hormone and metabolic modulators
- S5: diuretics and other masking agents
6 methods on WADA prohibited list - all the time:
- M1: enhancement of oxygen transfer (ex. Blood doping)
- M2: pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation
- M3: gene doping
4 substances on the WADA prohibited list - in competition:
- S6 stimulants
- S7 narcotics (codeine not prohibited)
- S8 cannabinoids - no change with legalization
- S9 glucocorticosteroids
Who gets tested by WADA?
Registered testing pool:
- athletes who compete nationally and internationally
- athletes competing in sports with higher doping risk
- university level athletes
- within 18 months after retiring
In competition testing selection may be based on:
- finishing position
- random selection
- targeted test (injury, withdrawal or absence, going into or coming out of retirement, behaviour indicating doping, sudden major improvement in performance)
What is tested with WADA? What are the 3 modules tested?
- urine and venous blood
- hematological: detect blood doping
- steroidal: detect anabolic doping
- endocrinological: detect growth factor doping
What are TUEs?
- therapeutic use exemptions
- athletes may have illnesses or conditions that require them to take medications that fall under WADA’s prohibited list (ex. Insulin for T1D, diuretic for high blood pressure, stimulant for ADHD - most common)
- completed by physician who is prescribing
- should be pre-approved but can be retro-active application in emergent situations
- reviewed by TUE committee
Sanctions consist of period of ineligibility to participate in sport including:
- participation in any role
- participation in any competition or activity
- participation at any level of sport
- participation in any sport, not only the sport engaged in by an athlete at the time of the violation
Sanctions can also include other consequences such as…
- disqualification of individual results, including forfeiture of medals, points and prizes
- disqualification of results in competitions subsequent to the initial test sample
- loss of privileges at a college or university
- financial sanctions, loss of sponsorships, loss of federal or provincial funding
- public disclosure through a media release
