Drugs & Pharmacology In Sport Flashcards
(89 cards)
Why shouldn’t you give anti-inflammatory ex in the first 24 hours after a significant sprain?
Anti-inflammatory works in brain for pain, but decreases inflammation and decreases fever. Anti-inflammatories affects platelets because it will decrease clotting.
Name some problems that can come up when using supplements.
- can be contaminated
- can be wrong dose if not regulated
Why are platelets essential post injury?
Bleeding creates a cast around the injury, but we tend to over bleed. The body needs to get rid of this.
4 different ways that drugs are named:
- chemical
- generic (ex. Acetaminophen, ibuprofin)
- trade names (ex. Tylenol, Motrin, Advil)
- generic drug (has something in front of generic name ex. Apo-doxycycline)
3 ways to classify drugs:
- chemical structure
- mechanism of action (ex. Beta blockers)
- legal classification of drugs (OTC vs prescription vs controlled substances)
What is the Food and Drugs Act (2020)?
- overarching legislation for food, drugs, cosmetics, and therapeutic devices (including general rules and advertising)
- part 1: food, drugs, cosmetics and devices
- part 2: administration and enforcement
What are the steps for drug approval?
- Preclinical testing (animals)
- Phase 1: clinical trial (healthy humans)
- Phase 2: clinical trial (test efficacy, side effects)
- Phase 3: clinical trial (efficacy, safety)
- Health Canada Process
- Phase 4: Clinical trial (post market surveillance)
What schedule drugs are now deleted due to change in legislation?
- schedule 5: propylhexedrine (stimulant)
- schedule 7: cannabis over 3 kg
- schedule 8: cannabis small amounts
What are schedule 1 drugs?
- narcotics
- cocaine
What are schedule 2 drugs?
Cannabis related
What are schedule 3 drugs?
- narcotic-like
- LSD
What are schedule 4 drugs?
Barbiturates
What are schedule 6 drugs?
Precursors
What are schedule 9 drugs?
Device to make pills or other medication
Define pharmacodynamics.
- effects of drug on the body
- mechanism of action (eg. Activation or blockage of cellular receptors)
Name some examples of mechanisms of action for drugs.
- inhibiting uptake, synthesis, storage
- increasing release
- blocking transmitter inactivation
- inhibiting enzymes
- inhibiting transport processes
- activating (agonist) or blocking (antagonist) receptors
What is the dose-response curve?
As we increase dose, the response increases until the response can’t go any higher. This is the case for almost every drug.
Define placebo.
- a therapeutic or adverse reaction that is not due to a pharmacological effect of the drug
- may be due to physiological reaction in anticipation (eg. Hormone release)
- commonly only subjective symptom response
Name and describe 3 multiple drug effects:
- additive (eg. 2 hypertensive medications)
- synergistic (effect is greater than additive, ex. 10+10 = 30)
- antagonistic (effect produces less of an effect - ex. Naloxone)
Name 4 Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs):
- side effects/sensitivities (not the same as allergies)
- overdose toxicity (taking a drug above its therapeutic range)
- allergic reactions
- drug interactions
Describe organ adverse reaction.
- usually issue around cytotoxicity
- liver (ex. acetaminophen)
- kidney (NSAIDs)
- liver, gut, heart (alcohol)
Why do some athletes need to be careful about taking anti-inflammatory ex around weigh in time?
They may retain water if they are using it for the first time
Define pharmacokinetics.
- how the body deals with the drug
- study of the time course of a drug and its metabolites in the body after administration by any route
What are the 4 steps of pharmacokinetics?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Biotransformation
- Excretion