Foreign Sweden

Question 1

What did Sweden want at beginning of Catherine?

Answer 1

harbour revenge in the Baltic
–> ambitions dangerous when Gustav overthrew constitution to establish himself as absolute monarch
–> Russia was engaged in a Turkish war

Question 2

When did Gustav resort to arms?

Answer 2

(1788) after outbreak of Second Turkish war
–> driven by declining popularity and by foreign powers alarmed at Russia’s progress in south

Question 3

First events of Swedish war?

Answer 3

Swedes invaded Finland and naval assault on St. Petersburg
–> indecsive battle checked attempt on St. Petersburg
–> Finland had to be called off

Question 4

What happened to Swedish army after first failure?

Answer 4

mutiny in army
–> CAtherine persuaded Denmark to invade Sweden
–> Danes soon withdrew under British and Prussian threats
–> Catherine had anxious summer

Question 5

How did Swedish war end?

Answer 5

(1789) Russian naval strength began to tell and Swedes forced on defensive
(14th Aug 1792) peace formally concluded after Gustav had no chance

Question 6

Outcome of Sweden?

Answer 6

Sweden no longer serious threat
Insignificant conflict
Reminded Catherine that Baltic was left vunerable

Question 7

WHen was the beginning of Great Northern war?

Answer 7

1699

Question 8

What and when was Battle of Narva?

Answer 8

1700
Baltic allegiance: Denmark, Poles and Russia
Sweden advance on Denamrk but they signed Travendal treaty so withdrew
Poles left at RIga

Question 9

WHy did Russia lose to Sweden?

Answer 9

Left an officer as he thought they woulf rebuild army
Forces imbolisied by blizzard
allies not cooperate
army nor sufficiently trained
Peter: strategic and tactical errors
Charles: naval support or BRitain and determined

Question 10

What was Charles ideas after end of Battle of Narva?

Answer 10

Get separate peace: much efforts were half-heared and unsuccessful
Or Continue war (he chose)

Question 11

How did Charles continue Swedish war in 1704?

Answer 11

Chosen swedish leader to break power of Augustus of Saxony and Poland
–> would create a buffer zone between Sweden and Russia
However Augustus army strong
–> Russia support of 20000 troops, money gunpoweder

Question 12

When was Augustus power completely conquered after Stanislaw on throne?

Answer 12

1706

Question 13

When did Sweden invade Russia again?

Answer 13

Followed a scorched earth policy (through Ukraine)
Some of MAzepa didnt join as Peter caused havoc
Sweden wore down = little food, no allied, numbers thinned

Question 14

When and what was Battle of Poltova?

Answer 14

1709
Swedes 20000 vs Russians 45000
Charles failed to deploy militaty and cut off RUssians line of retreat

Question 15

Outcome of Battle of Poltova?

Answer 15

Peter won
Swedes lost6901 dead and wounded
2761 taken prisoner
Russian 1345 killed 3290 wounded

Question 16

What did Poltava prove for Peter?

Answer 16

In control of events after

Question 17

WHat did Russia do in April 1713?

Answer 17

invaded southern finland for conquest
(Oct) substantial gaina
(1714) Swedes blocked Russian supply routes
Battle became firepower of swedish battleships vs Russian galleys

Question 18

How did Sweden lose battle of cape hango?

Answer 18

Russia forced Swedes to use small boats
Left with one three masted ship which was overtaken by Russians
Russia continued with FInland invasion
Invaded Sweden numerous times in 1714

Question 19

What was the peace congresses after battle of cape hango?

Answer 19

(may 1718) Aaland Islands conference opened
–> Sweden give up baltic province in return for 20000 russian troops against Hanover
–> permission to take Norweign territory from Denmark

Question 20

Why was peace congress wrecked on 11th December?

Answer 20

Charles XII died
1720, Peter responded with large scale landing in Sweden
New king, Frederick I, no option but sue for peace

Question 21

What was new treaty in 1721 after peace congress?

Answer 21

Treaty of Nystadt
Sweeping gains along Baltic coast
Free trade between 2 powers
Sweden large payment for giing up FInland

Question 22

RUssia’s position after Treaty of Nystadt?

Answer 22

Great power on fringe of EUrope
Powerful navy in baltic

Question 23

Why did Sweden (HAT party in power) attack Russia in 1741?

Answer 23

French didn’t want RUssia intervening in Austrian successoin war which worked until 1747
–> attacked from Baltic

Question 24

How well did Sweden do in war 1741-43?

Answer 24

Dismal faliure

Question 25

First events of Swedish war 1741-3?

Answer 25

1Swedish forces drive Russians from Finland + threaten St.Petersburg
–> to trigger coup that would bring ELizabeth to power
–> Elizabeth woulf return conquered Swedish provinces

Question 26

WHy did Swedish war fail?

Answer 26

Swedish navy help up by outbreak of plague
–> although ELizabeth came into power she revoked promise
–> foriegn minister Bestuhev continued war
Russian navy superioirty on Finnish coast and forces overrun whole of FInland

Question 27

What Treaty ended Swedish war 1741-3?

Answer 27

Treaty of Abo
transferred only small amount of territory in south Finland to RUssia
–> strategic as St. Petersburg close to border
Swedes accept Adolf Frederick (uncle Elizabeth sucessor) as heir

Question 28

Outcome of Treaty of Abo

Answer 28

Sweden was dominated by St.Petersburg and Russian Baltic fleet as Stocckholms principal protection against Danish attack