Foreign Poland

Question 1

Poland position 1762?

Answer 1

Under Russian domination since Peter I
–> not outright possession and poles dreamed to be freed

Question 2

Who didnt want a complete Russian takeover of Poland?

Answer 2

Sweden, Ottomans, Hapsburgs and Prussia
–> Prussia and Austria didnt want reformed strengthened Poland to become Russian ally

Question 3

AIms for Poland?

Answer 3

Panin: ally of Poland after strengthened
Catherine: didn’t knw of Poland remain friendly
–> agreed partition between 3 European powers = logical desicion

Question 4

When and what was the first Polish parition?

Answer 4

(1772) Threat of Prussian intervnetion in TUrkish war led to accept Fredericks Prussin partition proposal
–> mediation to end war in return for sliver of Polish territory

Question 5

What did Austria and Russia get in first partition?

Answer 5

Austria: rich province of Zips
Russia: wide strip of Livonia
–> strategically important

Question 6

Less important of first parition?

Answer 6

not as rich in agriculture and mineral resources
–> CAtherine planned anexation a deacde earlier and Frederick only determined timing of it

Question 7

When was second partition of Poland?

Answer 7

1793

Question 8

What was an obstacle in the second partition for Poland?

Answer 8

(May 1791) Polish constituion
–>strengthen monarchy
–> requirement for unanimous votes

Question 9

What was CAtherines reaction to Polish Constituion?

Answer 9

Would have seriously weakened Russian control over Poland
–> Treaty of Jassey and French Declaration of war against Austria freed Russian hands

Question 10

Prussian reaction to Constituion?

Answer 10

hostile = would have given a hereditary saxon monarch
–> wanted Polish territory (supported by Austrians)

Question 11

What was outcome of second partition of poland?

Answer 11

Russia: whole of eastern Poland + 3 million people
Prussia: smaller but more valuable slice in West
Austrians: got nothing

Question 12

How was the third partition of poland?

Answer 12

Poles were’t happy to crushing of constituion
(1794) kosciuszco massivve revolt + win
(June) Russia hit back
(Oct) Kosciuszco captured

Question 13

What was third partition?

Answer 13

(24th Oct 1795)
Austria: Had to be incl.
Prussia: ?
Russia: up to East Prussia

Question 14

What was Treaty with Poland in 1686?

Answer 14

Directed by Golitsyn
Poland gave up claims on Kiev, Smolensk and other territories in Ukraine
Russia would go to war with Turks and Crimea

Question 15

What happened on 1st Feb 1733?

Answer 15

Augustus II of Poalnd died
–> there was a sucession question

Question 16

WHo were the 2 candidates for Poland succession?

Answer 16

son - Augustus
ex-king - Stanislaw

Question 17

WHy was Stanislaw elected?

Answer 17

Could count on French financial and military support
Sympathy of Polish nobles
swayed by French money elected him king

Question 18

What did Russia and Austria do in October 1733?

Answer 18

Breakaway faction decalred Augustus as king
–> France decalred war on Audtria and Saxony and Europe wide conflict began

Question 19

What did French wnat to do begin war?

Answer 19

Campaign against the Austrians on the Rhine rather than send substantial forces to Poland
(unfortunately for Stanislaw)

Question 20

WHy and where did Stanislaw keep moving too?

Answer 20

fled to Danzig after Russian expedition marched on Warswa
Beseiged by new commander Munnich
July 1734 Danzig surrendered
Stanislaw retred to another Baltic fortress, then to France
His supporters tired to fight but no match for Russians
1735 war ended

Question 21

What encouraged French to make peace?

Answer 21

Russian army marching to assisstance of Austrians prompted them to make peace
Fighting ended
1736 Stanislaw abdicated

Question 22

What was Treaty of Vienna?

Answer 22

Only signed in 1738
confirmed King Augustus III of Poland
Stanislaw to be Duke of Lorraine for life
Habsburgs and Spanish receive some compensation in Italy