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AP Psychology > Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality > Flashcards

Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Instinct Theory

A

+ complex behavior
+ Unlearned
+ Throughout a species

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2
Q

Drive Reduction

A

As physiological needs increase our psychological drive to reduce those needs increases.

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3
Q

Arousal Theory

A

When goal isnt homeostasis
+ after meeting basic needs humans need stimulation
+ boredom
+ moderate anxiety = motivation
+ Too much = Seek Arousal reduction

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4
Q

Yerkes - Dodson Law

A

Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, then performance decreases

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5
Q

Hierachy of Needs

A
  1. Self actualization - need for meaning beyond oneself
  2. Esteem
  3. Love and belonging
  4. Safety needs
  5. Physiological needs
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6
Q

Hormones testosterone

A

+ therapy can increase sexual desire in M and F
+ Sexual desire increase testostorone

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7
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

+ institute for sex research
+ Kinsey scale
- Heterosexual - homosexual rating scale

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8
Q

Incentives

A

a thing that motivates someone (learned / enviroment stimulus)

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9
Q

Ancel Keys

A

Minnesota starvation experiment
+ food obsessed
+ lost interest in other activities

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10
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

Washburn experiment aka balloon experiment
+ hunger = stomach contractions

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11
Q

As glucose levels drop….

A

brain signals hunger

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

stimulation = releases hunger hormones - rat experiment
+ Destroy it = no interest in food
+ watches for ghrelin (secreted by empty stomach)
+ signals hypothalamus - food is needed

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13
Q

BASAL METABOLIC RATE

A

Body’s resting of energy output

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14
Q

Bio Taste preference

A

High calories, high carb meals boost serotonin

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15
Q

Affiliation need - evo perspective

A

need to build relationships and be part of a group
+ Social bonds/cooperation boost survival odds “us” vs “them”

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16
Q

self efficacy

A

the belief that we can achieve influence over the conditions that affect our lives.

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17
Q

Achivement motivation

A

+ desire for accomplishments a higher standard of skills and ideas

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18
Q

James Lange

A

Arousal then emotion

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19
Q

Cannon-bard

A

arousal and emotion simultaneously

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20
Q

Schachter singer

A

Arousal+label = emotion

+ emotion requires conscious interpretation
+ high road

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21
Q

Objective vs Subjective experience

A

objective - the actual experience
Subjective - how we interpret the events

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22
Q

Spillover effect

A

An arousal response to one event spills over into our response of the next event.

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23
Q

Robert Zajonc

A

emotions can exist without conscious interpretation

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24
Q

Joseph LeDoux

A

emotions can take a low road
+ fear provoking stimulus bypasses cortex and goes straight to amygdala

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25
Q

Richard lazurus

A

In some level, we must appraise an event in order to have emotions
+ appraisal is more important to what is stressful than the actual stressful event
+ high and low road

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26
Q

Facial Feedback effect

A

+ smiling has a positive effect on mood
+ frowning has a negative effect on mood
Two way:
- emotion impact facial expressions
- Facial expressions impact emotions

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27
Q

Stress

A

short lived = good (assist survival)
long term = bad ( compromises immune system, risky decisions, unhealthy behaviors, dangerous pregnancy and health problems)

28
Q

Accumulative stress…

A

declines over time

29
Q

Adrenal glands secret….

A

cortisol

30
Q

Hans Seyle

A

(GAS) general adaptation syndrome
+ alert
+ resistance
+ exhaustion

  • body made to deal with temp stress not prolongued
31
Q

How does stress affect me?

A

+ Telomeres, shorten over time leading to higher risk of death, and cancer

+ wounds heal slow
+ more vunerable to illness

32
Q

Seligman

A

Explanatory style - how people explain events in their lives

33
Q

Do - good phenomenon

A

people are more helpful when they’re in a good mood

+ do good, feel good

34
Q

Coping mechanisms

A
35
Q

Diminishing returns

A

as you increase the quantity of something the benefits decrease

36
Q

relative deprivation

A

the sense that you are worse off than those around you

37
Q

personality

A

pattern of thinking feeling and acting

38
Q

Freudian perspective personality test

A

goal to uncover what is going on in your unconscious mind

39
Q

projective test

A

any personality test to uncover your unconscious (ex: Rosard ink blot)
are they scientific? – NOT objective

40
Q

psychodynamic

A

human behavior is a dynamic interaction btwn the conscious and unconscious mind

41
Q

psychoanalysis

A

freud, thoughts and actions attributed to unconscious motives and conflicts

42
Q

Freud

A
  • believed childhood exp determine adult personality
  • ” “ ian slips ex: calling your spouse your ex’s name or calling your teacher mom or dad
    -“ “ and reality– he thought these slips had a lot to do w/unconscious mind BUT in reality they dont mean much bc humans make speech mistakes
43
Q

Freud: Id - Ego - Super ego

A

Id - satisfy sexual and agressive desires
Ego - “executive”, meditates between Id, superego and reality
Superego - internalized ideals , conscience

44
Q

Alfred Adler

A

+ believed people were driven by a need for superiority, birth order
+ inferior complex

45
Q

Carl Jung

A

+ collective shared unconscious

46
Q

Actualization

A

self focused

47
Q

transcendence

A

other - focused instead of self focused and concerns higher goals than those which are self serving

48
Q

Carl Rogers

A

+ self concept
- distorded by outside influence
- healthy personality is when self concept is consistent with your ideal self concept
+ unconditional positive regard

49
Q

criticism humanistic theory

A

fails to account human evil

50
Q

Gordon Allport?

A

trait - consistent, enduring a way of feeling, behaving and thinking
+ describe personality in terms of fundamental traits

51
Q

Sybil and Eyeseck

A

reduced personality to…
+ these factors are genetically influenced

52
Q

Social cognitive perspective - alfred bandura

A

+ behavior influenced by interactions btw people traits and social content
+ personality is in part required through observational learning

53
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

interacting influences of behavior, cognition and enviroment

54
Q

person-situation

A

ppl make responses they believe will lead to reinforcement
+ belief: hardwork = reward then you will work hard
viceversa if no reward no work

55
Q

conclusion on behavior

A

dependent on situation

56
Q

Criticism of social cognitive theories

A

too focused on situations, ignores traits and emotions

57
Q

spotlight effect

A

overestimating others noticing and evaluating on you

58
Q

Blind incompentence

A

ignorance sustain self confidence
+ dunning krugger effect

59
Q

Self serving bias

A

+ readiness to percieve oneself favorably
+ most people see themselves as better than average
+ blame others - negative outcome / positive outcome - praise oneself

60
Q

jean twenge

A

generation and me
people bor in 80’s/90’s higher narcism lvls

61
Q

Individualism vs Collectivist

A

Ind - priority to ones own goals over group goals
- identity in terms of personal attributes

Coll - priority of the goals of one’s group
-identity of others

62
Q

Assessing traits tests

A

MMPI - widely for emotional disorders

63
Q

The Big 5 personalities

A

Conscientiousness - disorganized or disorganized
Agreeable - uncooperative or helpful
Neuroticism - calm or anxious
Openness - conforming or independent
Extroversion - reserved or affectionate

64
Q

Maturity principle

A

become more conscientiousness and less neurotic up to age 40

65
Q

Traits are stable BUT……

A

behavior varies

AP Psychology (10 decks)

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