20.9: MSK week

Question 1

How does Perthe’s disease present and how is it treated?

Answer 1

• Young small breeds dog
• Hip pain
• Managed with FHNO or THR

Question 2

How does panosteitis present?

Answer 2

• Shifting multi-limb lameness with bone pain
• Seen in the GSD but also with other breeds
• Self-limiting

Question 3

Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism may be associated with what type of diet in the young animal?

Answer 3

An all-meat diet in the young animal

Question 4

3 main manifestations of osteochondrosis in the elbow

Answer 4

• Fragmented medial coronoid
• Osteochondrosis of medial humeral condyle
• Ununited anconeal

This is known as medial compartment disease.

Question 5

How can you manage angular limb deformities?

Answer 5

These occur when the growth plates are open.
* Can prevent growth on the opposite side of the growth plate
* OR can wait until mature and straighten the limb with either opening or closing wedge osteotomy

Question 6

Treatment of soft tissue shoulder injuries

Answer 6

• Rest
• Intra-articular corticosteroids
• Sectioning of the biceps tendon
• Imbrication of the medial collateral ligament

Question 7

Treatment of traumatic carpal hyperextension injuries

Answer 7

Arthrodesis

Question 8

Treatment of traumatic tarsal subluxation

Answer 8

These are often degenerative
-> Arthrodesis

Question 9

You see an older dog/cat who is painful and has marked muscle atrophy following a pattern of innervation. What are you suspicious of?

Answer 9

Nerve root tumour

Question 10

How will you treat an acute vs a chronic infection that occurred after fracture fixation?

Answer 10

• Acute infection - antibiotics
• Chronic infection - rigid fixation, remove sequestrum and implants once the fracture has healed

Question 11

What does a PennHIP scheme tell you?

Answer 11

The degree of subluxation in hip dysplasia

Question 12

When will an animal show clinical signs of hip dysplasia and why?

Answer 12

It is a biphasic condition
* Young animal <1 y.o. ; signs are due to hip subluxation
* Older animal : signs are due to development of osteoarthritis

Question 13

Which form of patella luxation is seen in small breeds, Labs, bull terriers?

Answer 13

• Medial luxation

Question 14

Which form of patella luxation is seen in larger dogs and Flat Coats?

Answer 14

• Lateral luxation

Question 15

When should you operate on a patella luxation?

Answer 15

• When the dog is showing clinical signs
• In young dogs where the abnormal pull of the quadriceps will distort the limb further

Question 16

Clinical signs of patella luxation in the cat vs dog?

Answer 16

• Dogs - characteristic “skipping” gait
• Cats - collapse on the affected limb rather than skipping

Question 17

If a dog walks into the room with a hindlimb lameness that has been present for one week or more, it has ???? until proven otherwise

Answer 17

Cruciate disease

Question 18

How can you diagnose cruciate disease?

Answer 18

• Cranial/anterior draw
• Tibial thrust/ compression test

Question 19

How do you treat cruciate disease?

Answer 19

• Conservative management - appropriate for cats and dogs under 5kg
• Surgical: prosthetic cruciate ligaments, or changing the conformation of the stifle (TPLO, TTA, TTO)

Question 20

True/false: an animal presenting with PUO should have joint taps taken even if there are no clinical signs suggesting polyarthritis.

Answer 20

True