Unit 9 Vocab - Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

attribution theory

A

we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

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3
Q

Fundamental Attribution Theory/Error (FAE)

A

tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition (when analyzing behavior)

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4
Q

attitude

A

feelings, often unfluenced by belief, that predisposes us to response in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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5
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

tendency for people who have agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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6
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when 2 of our thoughts are inconsistent by changing our attitudes rather than behaviors

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7
Q

conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior/thinking to coincide with a group standard

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8
Q

normative social influence

A

influences resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval/avoid disapproval

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9
Q

informational social influence

A

a person conforms to gain knowledge/they believe someone else is right

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10
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger (improved) responses on simple/well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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11
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when by themselves

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12
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal/anonymity

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13
Q

group polarization

A

tendency of group members to move to an extreme position after discussing an issue

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14
Q

groupthink

A

tendency for groups of well-intentioned people to reach extreme, irrational decisions in an effort to conform

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15
Q

prejudice

A

unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

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16
Q

stereotype

A

generalized belief about a group of people

17
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

18
Q

ingroup

A

‘us’ - people with whom we share a common identity

19
Q

outgroup

A

‘them’ - those perceived as different/apart from our ingroup

20
Q

ingroup bias

A

tendency for us to favor our own group

21
Q

scapegoating

A

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

22
Q

just world phenomenon

A

tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

23
Q

aggression

A

any physical/verbal behavior intended to hurt/destroy

24
Q

frustration-aggression principle

A

the principle that frustration (blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal) creates anger which generates aggression

25
Q

conflict

A

perceived incompatibility of actions/goals/ideas

26
Q

social trap

A

situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior by each pursuing their self-interest

27
Q

mere exposure effect

A

phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

28
Q

passionate love

A

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another - usually present at beginning of a love relationship

29
Q

companionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

30
Q

equity

A

condition in which what people receive from a relationship is proportional to what they give to it

31
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

32
Q

altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

33
Q

bystander effect

A

tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to offer needed help when others are present

34
Q

social exchange theory

A

our social behavior is an exchange process - aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

35
Q

reciprocity norm

A

expectation that people will help those who have helped them

36
Q

social responsiblity norm

A

expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

37
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

38
Q

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension (GRIT)

A

strategy designed to decrease international tensions

39
Q

Terror Management Theory (TMT)

A

death-related anxieties - explored people’s emotional/behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death