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Molecular Microbiology > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Energetic efficiency definition

A

Ratio of protons translocated for every electrion/oxygen molecule

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2
Q

o2 pulse technique

A

Right side vesicles produced from bacteria to measure efficiency of certain part of transport chain
Known volume of o2 added
Measure pH produced - can work out ratio

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3
Q

Right side out vesicle

A

Vesicle produced from bacterial inner membrane
Lacks cell wall and outer membrane
Trap chemicals inside e.g. NADH

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4
Q

Anaplerotic reaction

A

Anaplerotic reactions are biochemical processes that replenish the intermediates of the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle). These reactions help to maintain the cycle’s activity and ensure the availability of energy substrates for cellular processes.

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5
Q

Paracoccus denitrificans

A
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6
Q

Ubiquinol

A

Ubiquinol, is the reduced form of coenzyme Q10.

CoQH2

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7
Q

Ubiquinone

A

Quinone + hydorphobic tail

The oxidized form of coenzyme Q10.

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8
Q

Complex 1

A

NADH dehydrogenase + FMN + Fe-S

4H+ passed through

Electrons released from oxidation of NADH

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9
Q

Complex 2

A

Succinate dehydrogenase + FAD + Fe-S

No H+ pumped through

Succinate oxidised to Fumarate

Alternative pathway into ETC

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10
Q

Cytochrome

A

A cytochrome is a protein involved in electron transfer that contains a heme group.

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11
Q

Standard reduction potential

A

Standard reduction potential measures the tendency for a given chemical species to be reduced

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12
Q

How does e-coli respond to changes in oxygen levels?

A

Change cytochrome composition i.e. ETC composition

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13
Q

E.coli response in high o2

A

Cytochrome bo3 oxidase

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14
Q

Arc Regulon

A

Anoxic Redox Control system

Arc system is a two-component system found in some bacteria that regulates gene expression in faculatative anaerobes such as Escheria coli.

ArcA and ArcB

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15
Q

Two-component system

A

System consisting of a sensor molecule and a response regulator.

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16
Q

ArcA

A

DNA binding protein
Response regulator
Represses aerobic genes
Activates cyd genes e.g. cyt bd oxidase

17
Q

ArcB

A

Membrane bound histidine kinase
Senses QH2 levels -> higher = lower oxygen due to electrons not being passed on

18
Q

Fnr system

A

fumarate and nitrate reductase
Switches from aerobic to anaerobic respiration if oxygen or nitrate unavailable

19
Q

What operon does arc system control?

A

sdh operon encoding succinate dehydrogenase

20
Q

ArcB inactivation

A

Quinones oxidise cys180 residues in ArcB
Disulphide bonds form = changes ArcB conformation
2 disulphide bonds = complete silencing of kinase activity

21
Q

Succinate dehydrogenase

A

Complex 2 in ETC
Repressed in anaerobic conditions

22
Q

MK

A

Menaquinone

Molecular Microbiology (19 decks)

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