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PSYC3310 > 5 GENDER > Flashcards

5 GENDER Flashcards

1
Q

bio status of being male/female

A

SEX

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2
Q

social categories of male/female established according to CULTURAL BELIEFS + PRACTICES rather than being due to biology

A

GENDER

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3
Q

process thru which cultures communicate gender expectations to children/ados

A

GENDER SOCIALIZATION

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4
Q

TRAD CULTURES: males + females live ___ lives (they have DIFF socialization expectations + learn DIFF skills)

A

SEPARATE

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5
Q
  • girls work alongside mothers from early age
  • take care of younger sibs/cousins
  • help cook/get food/make clothes/do housework
A

ATTRIBUTES OF YOUNG GIRLS IN TRAD CULTURES

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6
Q
  • girls’ role narrows + new restrictions on freedom
  • school = minimal (learn to read for 1 yr)
  • AGE 16: considered MARRIAGEABLE + may interact w appropriate males for limited periods under supervision
A

ATTRIBUTES OF GIRLS AFTER PUBERTY IN TRAD CULTURES

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7
Q
  1. early work responsibilities
  2. close relationships w mothers
  3. focus in ado on prepping for marriage/gender-specific adult work
A

3 ASPECTS OF SOCIALIZATION OF ADO GIRLS IN TRAD CULTURES

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8
Q

ado boys have ___ contact w fam + ___ contact w peers

A

LESS; MORE

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9
Q

SOCIALIZATION becomes ___ for BOYS + stays ___ for GIRLS

A

BROADER; NARROW

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10
Q
  1. PROVIDE
  2. PROTECT
  3. PROCREATE
A

3 SKILLS MALES MUST DEMONSTRATE BEFORE CONSIDERED MEN IN MOST TRAD CULTURES (3 PS)

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11
Q

males = considered men if they use skills to provide economically for self + fam

A

PROVIDE

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12
Q

males = considered men if they learn to fight to protect fans from human/animal attackers

A

PROTECT

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13
Q

males = considered men if they gain degree of sexual experience to show they are able to perform/procreate

A

PROCREATE

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14
Q
  • women = FRAGILE/INNOCENT
  • pursuing a profession = UNHEALTHY for women
  • girls = NOT told abt menstruation to keep them innocent from sexual knowledge
  • physical appearance = IMPORTANT
  • too WEAK to do physical work
  • must be VIRGINS until married
A

CULTURAL PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN

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15
Q
  1. COMMUNAL MANHOOD
  2. SELF-MADE MANHOOD
  3. PASSIONATE MANHOOD
A

ANTHONY ROTUNDO’S 3 TYPES OF MANHOOD

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16
Q

norm of manhood in 17TH/18TH C colonial America in which focus of gender expectations for ado bois = prepping to assume adult responsibilities in work/marriage

A

COMMUNAL MANHOOD

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17
Q

norm of manhood in 19TH C in which males = expected to become INDEPENDENT from fams in ado + emerging adulthood as part of becoming a man

A

SELF-MADE MANHOOD

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18
Q

norm of manhood in 20TH C in which SELF-EXPRESSION/SELF-ENJOYMENT replaced SELF-CONTROL/SELF-DENIAL as the main virtues young males should learn in course of being a man

A

PASSIONATE MANHOOD

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19
Q

hyp that psych/bhvrl diffs btwn males + females become MORE pronounced at ado bc of the INTENSIFIED SOCIALIZATION PRESSURES to conform to culturally prescribed gender roles

A

GENDER INTENSIFICATION HYPOTHESIS

20
Q

researchers who believed that INCR DIFFS btwn males + females = due to INTENSIFIED SOCIALIZATION pressures NOT bio changes of puberty

A

HILL + LYNCH

21
Q

HILL + LYNCH believed that intensity of GENDER SOCIALIZATION = ___ for females than for males

A

GREATER

22
Q

process by which ados acquire bhvrs + beliefs abt being MALE/FEMALE

A

GENDER SOCIALIZATION

23
Q

socializing of males/females according to diff criteria in having diff expectations/attitudes abt their bhvr + appearance

A

DIFFERENTIAL GENDER SOCIALIZATION

24
Q

EARLY CHILDHOOD: children play exclusively w ___-___ peers

A

SAME-SEX

25
Q

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: bhvrs/expectations = ___ differentiated than in EARLY CHILDHOOD/LATER ADO

A

LESS

26
Q

PUBERTY: socialization = ___ + male/female differentiation = ___

A

INTENSIFIED; GREATER

27
Q
  • develop negative body image
  • emphasis on thinness/physical attractiveness
  • may develop ED
  • overweight girls = seen as unattractive + get teased
A

SOCIALIZATION PROBS FOR GIRLS

28
Q
  • probs w aggressiveness (toward peers + to defend masculinity)
  • low-status boys suffer from insults/humiliations
  • socialized NOT to show feelings + to act TOUGH
A

SOCIALIZATION PROBS FOR BOYS

29
Q

theory based on PIAGET’S ideas abt cog devmt asserting that gender = fundamental way to organizing ideas abt the world that children develop thru a predictable series of stages in their understanding of gender

A

COG-DEVTL THEORY OF GENDER (KOHLBERG)

30
Q

age that children understand GENDER IDENTITY

A

3 YO

31
Q

children’s understanding of themselves as being male/female

A

GENDER IDENTITY

32
Q

the way children seek to maintain consistency btwn the norms they have learned abt gender + their bhvr

A

SELF-SOCIALIZATION

33
Q

theory in which gender = viewed as one of the fundamental ways that ppl organize info abt the world

A

GENDER SCHEMA THEORY

34
Q

mental structure for organizing/interpreting info

A

SCHEMA

35
Q

___ = one of the most important schemas from early childhood bc they help them develop beliefs abt wat = gender-appropriate in own cultures

A

GENDER

36
Q

personality characteristics emphasizing EMOTIONS/RELATIONSHIPS

A

EXPRESSIVE TRAITS

37
Q

personality characteristics emphasizing ACTION/ACCOMPLISHMENT

A

INSTRUMENTAL TRAITS

38
Q

FEMALES have more ___ TRAITS + MALES have more ___ TRAITS

A

EXPRESSIVE; INSTRUMENTAL

39
Q
  • nurturing/sympathetic/compassionate/gentle/ compliant/soft spoken
  • more anxious/conscientious than males
  • express RELATIONAL AGGRESSION
A

DIFF EXPRESSIVE TRAITS

40
Q
  • independent/self-reliant/self-sufficient/individualistic/ aggressive/assertive/forceful/dominant
  • more likely to have conduct disorders/get into fights
A

DIFF INSTRUMENTAL TRAITS

41
Q

combination of male/female personality traits

A

ANDROGYNY

42
Q

beliefs abt wat = typically male/female

A

GENDER STEREOTYPES

43
Q
  • dependent
  • passive
  • emotional
A

FEMALE STEREOTYPES

44
Q
  • independent
  • active
  • rational
A

MALE STEREOTYPES

45
Q

theory that social roles for males/females ENHANCE/SUPPRESS diff capabilities so that males/females tend to develop DIFF SKILLS/ATTITUDES which leads to gender specific bhvrs

A

SOCIAL ROLES THEORY

46
Q

girls = given dolls as children bc caring for children = part of female gender role so girls = more likely to develop skills/attitudes that involve caring for children

A

EXAMPLE OF SOCIAL ROLES THEORY

47
Q

prejudice + discrimination against an indiv based on their sex

A

SEXISM

PSYC3310 (13 decks)

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