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psychology > Cram Pack Page 2 > Flashcards

Cram Pack Page 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Action potential

A

movement of Na and K ions across membrane sends electrical charge down the axon

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2
Q

all or none law

A

stimulus must trigger the AP past its threshold, but does not increase the intensity of the response (flush the toilet)

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3
Q

Refractory period

A

neuron must rest and reset before it can send another AP (toilet resets)

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4
Q

sensory neurons

A

receive signals

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5
Q

motor neurons

A

send signals

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6
Q

afferent neurons

A

accept signals

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7
Q

efferent neurons

A

signal exits

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8
Q

Interneurons

A

cells in spinal cord responsible for reflex loop

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9
Q

central NS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

peripheral NS

A

Rest of the NS (Somatic NS: voluntary movement) (Automatic NS: involuntary (heart, lungs, etc.))

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11
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

arouses the body fight/flight (generally activates sympathetic to you getting eaten by tiger helps you run away)

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12
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

established homeostasis after a sympathetic response (generally inhibits)

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters (NT)

A

Chemicals released in synaptic gap, received by neurons

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14
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory NT

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15
Q

GlutamatE

A

Major Excitatory NT (get excited when seeing your mates!)

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Reward & movement (NT)

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17
Q

serotonin

A

Moods and emotion (NT)

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18
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

memory (NT)

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19
Q

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

A

sympathetic NS arousal (NT)

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20
Q

endorphins

A

pain control (NT)

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21
Q

Oxytocin

A

love and bonding (NT)

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22
Q

Agonist

A

drug that mimics a NT

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

a drug that blocks a NT

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24
Q

Reuptake

A

Unused NTs are taking back up into the sending neuron. SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) block reuptake - treatment for depression

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25
Q

Hindbrain

A

oldest part of the brain

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26
Q

Cerebellum

A

movement/balance (walking a tightrope balancing a bell)

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27
Q

Medulla

A

vital organs (HR, BP)

28
Q

Pons

A

bridge backed with regions - basic functions

29
Q

Recticular formation

A

alertness

30
Q

forebrain

A

higher thought processes

31
Q

Amygdala

A

emotions, fear (Amy, da! You’re so emotional!) (in the limbic system)

32
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory (if you saw a hippo on the campus you’d remember it!) (in the limbic system)

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Reward/pleasure center, eating behaviors - link to endocrine system (in the limbic system)

34
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center for all but smell

35
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer portion of the brain - higher order thought process

36
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision

37
Q

Frontal lobe

A

decision making, planning, judgment, movement, personality

38
Q

parietal lobe

A

sensations

39
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing and face recognition

40
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

map of our sensory receptors - in the parietal lobe

41
Q

Motor Cortex

A

map of our motor receptors - located in the frontal lobe

42
Q

damage to left hemisphere

A

aphasia (speech impediment)

43
Q

damage to Broca’s Area

A

inability to produce speech

44
Q

damage to Wernicke’s Area

A

can’t comprehend speech

45
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

bundle of nerves that connects the 2 hemispheres - sometimes severed in patients with severe seizures - leads to “split-brain patients”

46
Q

split-brain experiments

A

done by Sperry and Gazzaniga

47
Q

Brain plasticity

A

Brain can “heal” itself (brain is malleable)

48
Q

Endocrine system

A

sends hormones throughout the body

49
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Controlled by hypothalamus, release growth hormones

50
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

related to sympathetic NS, releases adrenaline

51
Q

EEG

A

brain activity - not specific

52
Q

X-RAY

A

not useful for brain imaging, doesn’t show tissues

53
Q

CT/MRI

A

shows structures (tumors)

54
Q

PET

A

glucose shows brain activity (when in doubt pick this one

55
Q

fMRI

A

oxygen shows activity: real time

56
Q

lesion

A

destruction of brain tissue

57
Q

higher-level

A

totally aware

58
Q

lower-level

A

automatic processing (daydreaming, phone numbers)

59
Q

Altered states

A

produced through drugs fatigue, hypnosis

60
Q

subconscious

A

sleeping and dreaming

61
Q

no awareness

A

knocked out

62
Q

Beta Waves

A

awake (you betta be awake for this exam)

63
Q

Alpha waves

A

drowsy

64
Q

NREM 1

A

light sleep

65
Q

NREM 2

A

bursts of sleep spindles

66
Q

NREM 3 Delta waves

A

Deep sleep

67
Q

Rapod Eye Movement (REM)

A

dreaming, cognitive processing

psychology (7 decks)

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