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psychology > Cram Pack Page 3 > Flashcards

Cram Pack Page 3 Flashcards

1
Q

sleep walking

A

(due to fatigue, drugs, alcohol) - NOT during REM

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2
Q

Night Terrors

A

extreme night mares - NOT in REM sleep - typical in children

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3
Q

Narcolepsy

A

fall asleep out of nowhere (due to deficiency in orexin)

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4
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

stop breathing suddenly while asleep (due to obesity usually)

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5
Q

Freud’s unconscious wish

A

Fulfillment: Dreaming is gratification of unconscious wants and needs

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6
Q

Latent Content

A

hidden meaning

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7
Q

Manifest Content

A

Obvious storyline

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8
Q

Activation Synthesis

A

Brain produces random bursts of energy - stimulating lodged memory’s in limbic system. dreams start random then develop meaning

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9
Q

Depressants

A

Alcohol, Barbiturates, tranquilizers, opiates (narcotics) (decreases sympathetic NS activation, highly addictive)

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10
Q

Stimulants

A

Amphetamines, Cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), Caffeine, Nicotine (increase sympathetic NS activation, highly addictive)

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11
Q

Hallucinogens

A

LSD, Marijuana (causes hallucinations, less addictive)

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12
Q

Tolerance

A

Needing more of a drug to achieve the same effects

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13
Q

Dependence

A

Become addicted to the drug - must have it to avoid withdrawal symptoms

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14
Q

Withdrawal

A

Psychological and physiological symptoms associated with sudden stoppage. Unpleasant - can kill you.

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15
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the smallest level of a stimulus that a person is able to detect 50% of the time

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16
Q

Difference threshold

A

Two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum proportion (just noticeable difference)

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17
Q

signal Detection theory

A

Detection depends on experience, expectations, alertness, etc. (more likely to notice a door slam outside when waiting on the pizza guy)

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18
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation
(sensory Habituation: same thing but regular instead of constant exposure)

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19
Q

Perceptual set

A

tendency to see things as part of a group

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20
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

failure to notice something added because you’re focusing on another task

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21
Q

change blindness

A

failure to notice a change in the scene

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22
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

notice your name across the room when its spoken, when you aren’t previously paying attention

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23
Q

Cornea

A

protects the eye, The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside

24
Q

pupil/iris

A

controls amount of light entering the eye

25
Q

lens

A

focuses light on retina

26
Q

retina

A

contains rods and cones

27
Q

fovea

A

area of vest vision (cones here)

28
Q

rods

A

black/white, dim light (help give us good vision in low light)

29
Q

cones

A

color, bright light (red, green, blue)

30
Q

bipolar cells

A

connects rods/cones and ganglion cells

31
Q

ganglion cells

A

axons gather at optic discs and become myelinated

32
Q

blind spot

A

occurs where the optic nerve leaves the eye

33
Q

feature detectors

A

specialized cells that see motion, shapes, lines, etc. (located in occipital lobe)

34
Q

Trichromatic

A

three cones for receiving color (blue, red, green)
if they are color blind they are missing a cone type

35
Q

Opponent Process

A

complementary colors are processed in ganglion cells explains why we see an AFTER IMAGE

36
Q

visual capture

A

visual system overwhelms all others (nauseous in an IMAX theater - vision trumps vestibular)

37
Q

Constancies

A

recognize that objects do not physically change despite changes in sensory input (size, shape, brightness)

38
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

adjacent lights blink on/ off in succession - looks like movement (traffic signs with arrows)

39
Q

stroboscopic movement

A

motion produced by a rapid succession of slightly varying images (animations)

40
Q

Interposition

A

overlapping images appear closer

41
Q

relative size

A

2 objects that are usually similar in size, the smaller one is further away

42
Q

relative clarity

A

hazy objects appear further away

43
Q

texture gradient

A

coarser objects are closer

44
Q

relative height

A

things higher in our field of vision look further away

45
Q

linear perspective

A

parallel lines converge with distance (think railroad tracks)

46
Q

Motion Parallax

A

parallel lines converge with distance (think railroad tracks)

47
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

Image is cast slightly different on each retina, location of image helps us determine depth

48
Q

convergence

A

Eyes strain more (looking inward) as objects draw closer

49
Q

Top-down processing

A

whole -> smaller parts

50
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

smaller parts -> whole

51
Q

Outer ear

A

pinna (ear), auditory canal

52
Q

Middle ear

A

ear drum, HAS (bones vibrate to send a signal)

53
Q

Inner ear

A

Cochlea (sounds first processed here); basilar membrane in IN the cochlea - dancing hair cells

54
Q

Place theory

A

location where hair cell bends determines sound (high pitches) (cochlea)

55
Q

Frequency theory

A

rate at which action potentials are sent determines sound (low pitches) (cochlea)

psychology (7 decks)

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