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DT AQA GCSE > Section 3 Materials And Their Working Properties > Flashcards

Section 3 Materials And Their Working Properties Flashcards

1
Q

How is paper is made

A

Trees cut down and taken by lorry to a paper mill
Bark is stripped off and the wood is cut into smaller parts
Small bits of wood are heated with chemicals to make a mushy pulp
Pulp is washed and bleached to turn it white
It is pressed flat between rollers, dried and cut to size

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2
Q

Cartridge paper

A

High-quality paper and textured surface

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3
Q

Layout paper

A

Strong, thin and translucent paper

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4
Q

Grid paper

A

Paper with square or isometric patterns on it used for presenation

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5
Q

Tracing paper

A

Translucent and used to copy images

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6
Q

Difference between paper and board

A

Board is above 200gsm

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7
Q

Solid white board

A

Has a high quality bleached surface ideal for printing
Used in primary packaging

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8
Q

Corrugated board

A

Used a lot in secondary packaging
Has a fluted inner core with two outer layers

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9
Q

Duplex board

A

Has a different colour and texture on each side
One side that is seen is smooth for printing

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10
Q

Standard sizes for paper

A

A1, A2, A3 ect (A1 is the biggest - A6 would be small)
gsm

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11
Q

How you can finish paper and card

A

LAMINATE IT
Aluminium foil used in food packaging as you can print on the paper side
Foam board cores contain polystyrene foam - stiff and lightweight - used for making models and posters
Polyethene coatings can make it water proof for water cups

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12
Q

Difference between ferrous and non ferrous metals

A

Ferrous contain iron
Non-ferrous do not contain iron

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13
Q

Alloy

A

Combations of metals used to make metals with the best properties possible

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14
Q

Properties and uses of cast iron

A

Ferrous
Grey
Very strong if compressed but brittle if dropped
Used in bench vices, car brakes and manhole covers

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15
Q

Properties and uses of mild steel

A

Ferrous
Iron + carbon
Dull silver/grey
Strong, cheap but rusts
Used in car bodies, screws, nuts, bolts, nails

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16
Q

Properties and uses of stainless steel

A

Ferrous
Iron + carbon + chromium + nickel
Shiny and silvery
Hard, doesn’t rust but expensive
Used in surgical equipment sinks and cutlery

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17
Q

Properties and uses of aluminium

A

Non-ferrous
Light grey
Lightweight, not corrosive, not that strong and expensive
Used in aeroplane bodies, cans and ladders

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18
Q

Properties and uses of zinc

A

Non- ferrous
Blueish grey
Not very strong, resists corrosion
Coats steel on nails and watering cans

19
Q

Properties and uses of copper

A

Non-ferrous
Reddish gold
Soft, malleable, ductile, conducts electricity
Wiring, pipes and pans

20
Q

Properties and uses of brass

A

Non-ferrous
Copper + zinc
Yellowy
Strong, resists corrosion, malleable, ductile and a good conductor
Used in door handles, taps, locks and electrical parts

21
Q

How metals are produced

A

Extracted from the earth as an ore
Crushed and heated
Refined to remove impurities
They are cast (moulded and cooled)
Rollers can shape it

22
Q

How you can treat metals to change their properties

A

Annealing - heating it and cooling it slowly to make it softer, more ductile and less brittle
Hardening - rapidly heating and cooling it to make it harder but brittle
Tempering - cleaned and gently heated to make it tougher and less likely to break

23
Q

Painting a metal

A

A primer like red oxide is needed for steel so the coats can form a strong bond
Add a top coat - available in different colours and finishes - for example water proof for outdoor use

24
Q

Plastic coat a metal

A

Heat the metal evenly
Put it quickly in a fluidised powder (a fine powder with gas passing through it)
It is placed back in the oven where the thin coating of plastic fuses to the surface

25
Q

Plate a metal

A

Add a thin layer of a corrosion-resistant metal using electrolysis
You use a bath of electrolyte including the dissolved metal and an electric current solidifies the metal on the object

26
Q

Lacquer a metal

A

Thin layer of cellulose, gum or varnish is applied to leave a transparent coating
Acts as a barrier against tarnishing and oxidising

27
Q

Thermoplastics

A

Moulded by heating and can be remoulded
Easily form shapes but don’t resist heat well
Easy to recycle
Acrylic is hard and shiny
PVC is brittle, cheap and durable

28
Q

Themosetting plastics

A

Once they’ve been moulded they cannot be remoulded
Resist heat and fire
Undergo a chemical change when heated and become hard and rigid
Non-recyclable
ER (epoxy resin) is rigid, durable and corrosion resistant

29
Q

How plastics are made

A

Some are synthetic (made from crude oil), some are natural (made from plants)
Oil is extracted by drilling
It is heated in a refinery which separates it into different chemicals (fractional distillation)
The chemical (monomers) are linked together to make polymers (polymerisation)

30
Q

Shapes and sizes plastics are available in

A

Films and rolls
Foam
Sheets, rods, tubes
Granules

31
Q

Finishes which can be used on plastics

A

They are already resistant to corrosion and decay
Wet and dry paper followed by a buffing machine can improve appearance

32
Q

What do electrical circuits require

A

Complete circuits
Conductors
Insulators around wires
Voltage supply (battery or mains)

33
Q

Purpose of a resistor

A

Reduce current in a circuit to not damage delicate components - measured in ohms

34
Q

Purpose of a transistor

A

Electronic switches that changes a small current into a larger current

35
Q

Levers

A

Used to give mechanical advantage:

First class ones have a pivot between a load and effort
Second class ones have a pivot at one end, effort on the opposite and load in the middle
Third class ones have a effort between a load and pivot

36
Q

Purpose of pulleys

A

Help lift load
One pulley changes direction of force needed
Two or more pulleys makes the weight feel lighter

37
Q

Thermochromic materials

A

They change colour with heat
Thermochromic inks can be used in warning patches for heat, they are cheaper than electronic warnings
Thermochromic dyes can be used in textiles and materials

38
Q

Sustainability

A

Not causing permanent damage and not using finite resources

39
Q

Planned obsolescence

A

Products designed to become useless (e.g. you can’t replace broken parts)
Products that are very up to date such as mobile phones quickly go out of fashion
Bad for the enviroment because materals and energy are needed to replace the product
If they were designed to last they would be durable and have parts you could replace

40
Q

Carbon footprint

A

Amount of greenhouse gases released by making something
Fossil fuels are burnt to provide energy for production, transport and use
Distance it travels from production to use it product miles
If a product is energy efficient it reduces the carbon footprint

41
Q

Malleable

A

Material can be pressed into a shape or form

42
Q

Process of cutting by shearing

A

Iron fabric to remove creases that can affect accuracy when cutting
Pin template securely to fabric, ensuring that grain lines match
Use sharp fabric scissors and cut as neat to the template edge as possible
Crop marks

43
Q

Fabric interfacing

A

Extra fabric put between 2 other sheets for reinforcement and to stiffen it

Shirt cuffs and collars, hats

44
Q

Why blended and mixed fibres are used in clothing

A

To produce different fibres with more desirable/enhanced properties, eg polyester can mitigate against shrinkage, creasing and slower drying speed
Make a yarn (blend of two or more fibres) to make a better product
Improve durability in the fibre, eg poly-cotton (polyester and cotton mix)
Produce clothing more cheaply, eg poly-cotton is a cheaper material than pure cotton
Use of cotton with a synthetic material makes it more breathable hence comfortable to wear
Fabrics can be heat-set, eg trousers with a crease, anti-crease fabrics
Similar appearance to natural materials, eg cotton, and can accept a print or dye easily

DT AQA GCSE (7 decks)

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