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midterm 2 canine Flashcards

1
Q

Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?

A. hCG administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments

A

B. Oestradiol administered at the earliest days of suspected pregnancy

Hcg can cause allergic reaction and premature luteal failure

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2
Q

Which treatment predisposes bitches for pyometra?

A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus
B. Prolactin inhibitors
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatment

A

A. Synthetic gestagens (progestogens) used for suppression of estrus

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3
Q

Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?

A. Prostaglandin F2alpha administered at oestrus
B. Oestradiol administered at oestrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments

A

D. None of the above treatments

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4
Q

Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?

A. Per oral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the estrus
B. Per oral administration of synthetic gestagens during the estrus
C. Both of the above treatments
D. None of the above treatments

A

D. None of the above treatments

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5
Q

Which treatment procedures can be used for prevention of canine pyometra?

A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy
B. Per oral administration of broad spectrum antibiotics
C. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol
D. Combination of prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin

A

A. After rehydration of the patient, ovariohysterectomy

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6
Q

What is the most reliable method for predicting the time of ovulation in the bitch?

A. Behavioural changes (acceptance of the male)
B. Multiplied epithelium layers in the vagina
C. The number of days after the proestrus vaginal bleeding
D. Determination of the serum oestrogen peak
E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level

A

E. Serum progesterone exceeding the threshold level

??

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7
Q

What is the most typical picture in the vaginal smears of the bitch around ovulation?

A. Basal and parabasal cells with well-stained large nuclei
B. Predominantly erythrocytes (vaginal bleeding)
C. High number of leukocytes
D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining
E. Vaginal smear with small amount of cells

A

D. Keratinised anuclear cells with poor staining

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8
Q

Which of the following statements regarding to the dog is incorrect?

A. Increase of relaxin is accurate and reliable symptom for the pregnancy

B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin

C. Serum progesterone profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches are similar

D. Pseudopregnancy can successfully be treated by anti-prolactin (dopamine antagonist) preparates

E. Canine pregnancy can be diagnosed by real time ultrasonography as early as day 25-30

A

B. The most reliable sign for the pregnancy is the increase of prolactin

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9
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the artificial insemination of the dog is correct?

A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus

B. Insemination with semen chilled or … is successful only if deposited into the uterus

C. Intra-vaginal insemination with frozen thawed semen is successful after increased sperm concentration

D. Frozen thawed semen results in unacceptable conception rate even after surgical (intrauterine) insemination

E. The current sperm freezing protocols results in successful conception rate both after intrauterine and intra-vaginal insemination

A

A. Native semen should be deposited into the vagina, near the external os of the uterus

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10
Q

Polydipsia develops in pyometra due to:

A. Deposition of immune-complexes in the kidney
B. Acidosis due to Na resorption
C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins
D. Hypertonisation of small intestine due to acidosis

A

C. AVP desensibilisation due to endotoxins

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11
Q

Which conservative treatment could you administer in case of canine pyometra?

A. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Proligestone, PGF2a
B. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, Ringer lactate
C. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, Ergometrine, NaHCO
D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance

A

D. Amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, PGF2a, treatment of acid base imbalance

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12
Q

What may happen if the gestagen-suppressed proestrus is followed by an ovariectomy?

A. Nothing
B. Pseudopregnancy
C. Pyometra
D. Incontinentia urinae

A

C. Pyometra

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13
Q

Your dog patient delivered 3-4 days ago. She is sick with high temperature, and fetid, bad smelling, reddish brown vaginal discharge. What is your diagnosis?

A. Pyometra
B. Abortion
C. Metritis
D. Necrotic placenta

A

C. Metritis

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14
Q

In cat ovulation is induced by the copulation-induced elevation of:

A. LH
B. FSH
C. GnRH
D. Progesterone

A

A. LH

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15
Q

In cat you suspect the pyometra in case of the following clinical signs:

A. Polyuria/polydipsia in cat
B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus
C. Pollakiuria, abdominal pain
D. Conjunctivitis purulent, abdominal enlargement

A

B. Abdominal enlargement two months after the oestrus

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16
Q

Which statement is false in domestic carnivores?

A. In feline pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone also

B. In dog the main luteotrophic factor is the prolactin

C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus

D. Decrease duration of daily (night time) melatonin elevation induces the folliculogenesis in cat

A

C. The canine pyometra does usually occur some days before the expected time of estrus

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17
Q

Thrombocytopenia is not induced by one of the followings:

A. Pyometra

B. Administration of oestradiol opinionate containing preparations

C. Administration of oestradiol benzoate containing preparations

D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations

A

D. Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate containing preparations

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18
Q

Duration of regular corpus luteum phase in non-pregnant dogs is?

A. About 60 days
B. About 17 days
C. About 35-45 days
D. About 100 days

A

A. About 60 days

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19
Q

Which statement is false?

A. Pyometra occurs usually in aged bitches

B. Pyometra occurs usually in the luteal phase in bitches

C. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have never been pregnant in their life

D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life

A

D. Pyometra occurs usually in bitches, which have been pregnant several times in their life

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20
Q

Which signs is not characteristic for starting a delivery?

A. Vulva-oedema
B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
C. Udder oedema and colostrum secretion
D. Labour pains

A

B. Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina

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21
Q

Which species has a refracted broken final part, of the soft birth canal?

A. Dog
B. Horse
C. Cattle
D. Cat

A

A. Dog

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22
Q

Which of these pain types is responsible for the expulsion of the placenta?

A. Opening pains
B. Expulsive pains
C. Violent pains
D. After pains

A

D. After pains

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23
Q

Which one is the causative agent of pyometra?

A. Due to bacterial complication
B. Due to endometrial degeneration
C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities

A

C. Oestrogen and progesterone abnormalities

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24
Q

Preovulatory lutenizationin the bitch means:

A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation

B. Follicles rupture at ovulation and corpora lutea start to produce progesterone only after it

C. Progesterone rises only after fertilization

D. No preovulatory luteinization in the canine species

A

A. Follicles start to produce progesterone before ovulation

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25
Q

Progesterone value in the bitch at the ovulation:

A. Less than 1 ng/ml
B. 2 ng/ml
C. 5-8 ng/ml
D. More than 10 ng/ml

A

C. 5-8 ng/ml

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26
Q

In which stage of mating is most of the seminal fluid ejaculated in male dog?

A. Stage 1
B. Stage 2
C. Stage 3
D. Stage 4
E. All of the stages

A

B. Stage 2

27
Q

Cell dyeing for determination of live/death proportion of dog semen:

A. Diff-Quick
B. Giemsa
C. Kovács-Foote
D. Shorr-Papanicolaou

A

B. Giemsa

28
Q

Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)

A. Dog semen has two fractions

B. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland

C. The prostatic fraction is collected together with sperm rich fraction

D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen

E. The dog semen is not fractionated

A

D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen

28
Q

Mark the correct answer! (dog semen)

A. Dog semen has two fractions

B. The second fraction originates from prostatic gland

C. The prostatic fraction is collected together with sperm rich fraction

D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen

E. The dog semen is not fractionated

A

D. The sperm rich fraction is the second fraction of dog semen

29
Q

Mark the incorrect answer connection with healthy dog semen:

A. Quantity: 2,5-8 ml
B. Concentration: 4-400 million/ml
C. Sperm number/ejaculate: 300-2000 millions
D. Progressive motility: <70%
E. Normal morphology: >80%

A

D. Progressive motility: <70%

30
Q

Vaginoscopy findings: if endoscopic apperance of the vaginal mucosa is red, flat, smooth and dry, it is probably?

A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)
B. Pro-estrus
C. Estrus
D. Cannot be linked to any cycle stage

A

A. Anestrus or diestrus (metestrus)

31
Q

If apperance of vaginal mucosa is red/pink with large, shiny, oedematous folds and copious serosanguinous discharge, it is characteristic of?

A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anoestrus
D. Dioestrus (metoestrus)

A

A. Early pro-estrus

32
Q

If apperance of vaginal mucosa is dry with large, tacky, pale pink/whitish/creamy and folds are angulated, wrinkled, it is characteristic
of?

A. Early pro-estrus
B. Estrus
C. Anestrus
D. Diestrus (metestrus)

A

B. Estrus

33
Q

Advised angle and direction of introducing vaginal speculum in the bitch?

A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction
B. 45 degree, cranioventral direction
C. Horizontal
D. Vertica

A

A. 45 degree, craniodorsal direction

34
Q

Which anatomic structure(s) should be avoided when collectiong vaginal smears:

A. Dorsal wall of the vagina
B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening
C. Cervix uteri
D. No special care is needed

A

B. Clitoral fossa and urethral opening

35
Q

Which hormone cause the thickening of the vaginal mucosa?

A. Progesterone
B. LH
C. Prolactin
D. Oestrogen

A

D. Oestrogen

36
Q

If vaginal cytology shows that more than 75% of the cells are anuclear cornified/keratinized cells it is:

A. Metestrus/diestrus
B. Estrus
C. Pro-estrus
D. Anestrus

A

B. Estrus

37
Q

If vaginal cytology shows that more than 75% of the cells are anuclear cornified/keratinized cells it is:

A. Metestrus/diestrus
B. Estrus
C. Pro-estrus
D. Anestrus

A

B. Estrus

38
Q

In the bitch what may be the consequence of spaying in metestrus?

A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity

A

D. Pseudopregnancy

39
Q

In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagens treatment?

A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity

A

B. Pyometra

39
Q

In the bitch what may be the consequence of ovariectomy, if the animal is operated during the effect of acting gestagens treatment?

A. Nothing
B. Pyometra
C. Pregnancy
D. Pseudopregnancy
E. Obesity

A

B. Pyometra

40
Q

When do you recommend for prophylactic calcium supplementation in the bitch?

A. Before parturition in small-sized dogs
B. Before parturition in large-sized dogs
C. After parturition in large-sized dogs
D. After parturition in small-sized dogs
E. Just in case of eclampsia puerperalis

A

D. After parturition in small-sized dogs

41
Q

Changes in vaginoscopy findings in bitches during heat depend from?

A. The progesterone concentration
B. The oestrogen concentration
C. The LH concentration
D. The FSH concentration
E. The vaginal cytology

A

A. The progesterone concentration

42
Q

Which is the immediately indication of caesarean section in small animal practice:

A. Palatoshisis
B. Fetal 170 BPM
C. Pregnancy toxaemia
D. Meconium in foetal fluid
E. 67th day pregnancy calculated from LH peak

A

C. Pregnancy toxaemia

43
Q

Which one is not a point of view of the narcosis protocol?

A. Antidotum
B. Does not induce hypoxia
C. Does not depress the blood pressure
D. The latest literature references
E. Safety to use

A

D. The latest literature references

44
Q

Which one is usable for caesarean section?

A. Acepromazine
B. Opioids
C. Halothane
D. Barbiturates
E. T-61

A

B. Opioids

45
Q

Which is the first step of caesarean section?

A. Clinical examination
B. Pre-oxygenation
C. Shaving of hair
D. Disinfection of skin
E. Narcosis induction

A

B. Pre-oxygenation

46
Q

What do we have to do with the new-borns just after the birth?

A. Disinfection of umbilicus
B. Clearing of airways
C. Drying with towels
D. Checking heartbeats
E. Warming

A

B. Clearing of airways

47
Q

What do we have to do at first with hypoglycaemic and hypothermia in new-borns?

A. Warming
B. Feeding with tube
C. Glucose infusion
D. Antibiotics
E. Naloxone administration

A

C. Glucose infusion

48
Q

Which one is not the way of fluid therapy in new-borns?

A. Intravenous
B. Intraperitoneal
C. Intraosseous
D. Subcutan
E. Per os

A

D. Subcutan

49
Q

Which one does not predispose the new-borns for septicaemia?

A. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is less than prescribed

B. Wound

C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed

D. New dog in the kennel

E. Antibiotic treatment

A

C. Dilution of commercial milk replacer is higher than prescribed

50
Q

Which antibiotics can be used during the lactation?

A. Chloramphenicol
B. Cephalosporins
C. Fluoroquinolones
D. Tetracycline
E. Aminoglycosides

A

B. Cephalosporins

51
Q

What is your diagnosis in the postpartum bitch patient, having high temperature and panting?

A. Hypoglycaemia
B. Hyperglycaemia
C. Ketonuria
D. Hypercalcaemia
E. Hypocalcaemia

A

E. Hypocalcaemia

52
Q

At the end of pregnancy in the dog:

A. The progesterone concentration increases
B. The prolactin concentration decreases
C. The oestrogen concentration increases
D. A LH peak is induced
E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum

A

E. Relaxin concentration reaches the maximum

53
Q

Which of the below conditions is not a postpartum disease in dogs?

A. Hyperketonaemia
B. Hypocalcaemia
C. Eclampsia puerperalis
D. Placenta retention
E. Endometritis

A

A. Hyperketonaemia

54
Q

Which of the below factors is not characteristic for pregnancy toxicosis in bitches?

A. Alkalosis
B. Acidosis
C. Hypoglycaemia
D. Ketonaemia
E. Hypothermia

A

A. Alkalosis

55
Q

Which is not a reason of eclampsia puerperalis?

A. Lactation
B. Calcium supplementation during the pregnancy
C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy
D. Phosphorus supplementation during the pregnancy
E. Elongated parturition

A

C. Liver dysfunction during pregnancy

56
Q

Which statement does not characterize the LH peak in dogs?

A. Duration of it is 12-24 hours
B. It is induced by increased function of “surge” centre of hypothalamus
C. It precede 2 days the ovulation
D. It is induced by ovulation
E. Function of tonic centre of hypothalamus induced minor LH impulses

A

D. It is induced by ovulation

57
Q

Which statement is true? Clinical signs of oestrus in dogs are induced by:

A. Increase in progesterone concentration
B. Increase in oestrogen concentration
C. LH peak
D. Increase in prolactin concentration
E. Decrease is progesterone concentration

A

B. Increase in oestrogen concentration

58
Q

Which order is true in dogs?

A. LH peak – Nidation – Fertilisation – Ovulation

B. Ovulation – Oestrogen increase – Progesterone increase – Fertilisation

C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation

D. Nidation – Fertilization – Progesterone increase – Oestrogen decrease

E. LH peak – Progesterone decrease – Oestrogen increase – Nidation

A

C. Oestrogen increase – LH peak – Oestrogen decrease – Fertilisation

59
Q

How could the time of ovulation be determined in dogs?

A. Measurement of FSH concentration
B. Female accepts approach of males
C. Measurement of oestrogen concentration
D. Measurement of progesterone concentration
E. Between day 9-13th after onset of heating

A

D. Measurement of progesterone concentration

60
Q

Which species is spontaneously ovulating domestic mammals?

A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None

A

A. Dogs

61
Q

Which species have induced ovulation?

A. Dogs
B. Cats
C. Both
D. None

A

B. Cats

Reproduction (19 decks)

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