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Reproduction > hungarian exam 2 - final yeeeeh > Flashcards

hungarian exam 2 - final yeeeeh Flashcards

1
Q

GnRH is administered by

produced by adenohyposis
produced by the hypothalamus
produced by neurohypothesis
produced by ovaries

A

produced by the hypothalamus

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2
Q

What can indicate early embryonic mortality in mares?

Absence of heartbeat on day 12
Absence of heartbeat on day 16
Absence of heartbeat on day 21
Absence of heartbeat on day 30

A

Absence of heartbeat on day 21

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3
Q

Absence of heartbeat on day 30

100-120.nap
After the 200th day
55-70. nap
15-25. nap

A

?

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4
Q

Where do we lead during artificial insemination of pigs under operating conditions
put the catheter in?

peresbe
into uterus
into the vagina
to the tip of the horn

A

?

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5
Q

Is there follicle development outside the breeding season?

A

Rarely

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6
Q

What does puberty mean in pets?
− the start of cyclic sexual functioning
− the date of breeding income
− the development of the genitalia
- the date of the first conception

A

− the start of cyclic sexual functioning

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7
Q

The follicular phase consists of the following stages:
− diestrus + metostrus
− proestrus+estrus
− metoestrus+estrus
− estrus+diestrus

A

− proestrus+estrus

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8
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in dogs is based on the production of what substance?
- lactogenic hormone of placental origin
− pregnancy specific protein B
− interferon tau
− there is no such mechanism
- estradiol

A

− there is no such mechanism

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9
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in a woman is linked to the production of what substance?
− pregnancy specific protein B
− progesterone
− inhibin
− human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- there is no such mechanism

A

− human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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10
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy in pigs is based on the production of what substance?
− Pregnancy specific protein B
- Progesterone
− Estradiol
− Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein
- Inhibin

A

− Estradiol

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11
Q

In the epitheliochorial placenta…
− There are 6 layers between fetal and maternal blood cells
− There are 4 layers between fetal and maternal blood cells
− There are 3 layers between fetal and maternal blood cells
− There are 2 layers between fetal and maternal blood cells

A

− There are 6 layers between fetal and maternal blood cells

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12
Q

What does capacitance mean?
− The sperm acquires hyperactive motility.
− The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm and the membrane of the acrosome.
− Sperm motility/movement slows down.
− The formation of the 2nd polar body.
− Formation of the two progenitors.

A

− The sperm acquires hyperactive motility.

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13
Q

What does polyspermiosis mean?
- There are a large number of sperm around the ovum, but none of them can penetrate the female gamete.
− More than one sperm penetrates the ovum and participates in the fertilization process.
- Semen contains a lot of sperm.
- The testicles produce more sperm than normal.
- In some species, more than one sperm is needed for successful fertilization. This is called
polyspermiosis.

A

− More than one sperm penetrates the ovum and participates in the fertilization process.

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14
Q

What prevents polyspermy from penetrating the ovum?
− a low number of sperm is present
- increasing estrogen effect
− oocyte cytoplasmic reaction
− transformation of zona pellucida

A

− transformation of zona pellucida

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15
Q

What does the acrosome reaction mean?
- The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm and egg cell.
− The fusion of the outer membrane of the acrosome and the plasma membrane of the sperm.
− The fusion of the outer and inner membrane of the acrosome.
- The activation of the nucleus of the ovum.
− Activation of the polar body.

A

− The fusion of the outer membrane of the acrosome and the plasma membrane of the sperm.

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16
Q

What is the result of the acrosome reaction?
− Release of various enzymes.
− Ejection of the first and second polar bodies.
− Formation of the paternal and maternal nucleus (progenitor nucleus).
- Formation of zona pellucida block.
− The first mitotic division of the blastomere in the embryo.

A

− Release of various enzymes.

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17
Q

What is the function of fusion proteins?
− They ensure the formation of a physical connection between the sperm head and the oolemma (the plasma membrane surrounding the egg).
− Ensuring the fusion of maternal and paternal progenitors.
− Ensuring the fusion of the first and second polar bodies.
− Ensuring the physical connection between the blastomeres that make up the embryo.
− Supporting the metabolic activity of the sperm.

A

− They ensure the formation of a physical connection between the sperm head and the oolemma (the plasma membrane surrounding the egg).

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18
Q

Where are the fusion proteins located on the sperm?
− They are located in the equatorial part, on the head of the sperm.
- Sperm whip (tail part).
− Oocyte on the zona pellucida.
- On the neck of the sperm.
- In the middle part of the sperm

A

− They are located in the equatorial part, on the head of the sperm.

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19
Q

What is the role of kisspeptin neurons in reproduction?
- They directly stimulate follicular growth.
- LH production is induced in the pituitary gland.
− GnRH neurons are stimulated or inhibited based on metabolic input.
- They reduce the level of leptin in the blood.

A

− GnRH neurons are stimulated or inhibited based on metabolic input.

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

What does wave-like follicular growth mean in cattle?
- The follicles develop in waves after the 17th cycle day.
- Follicular growth starts in 4-5 waves during the cycle.
- Selected pond heifers grow larger than the others in a wave-like manner.
− During the cycle, the follicles develop in 2-3 waves, but they only ovulate in the last wave

A

− During the cycle, the follicles develop in 2-3 waves, but they only ovulate in the last wave

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21
Q

What regulates seasonal sexual function?
− The improved level of feeding in the spring.
- Internal biological clock.
− Pineal melatonin production via the kisspeptin-GnRH axis.
− The stimulatory effect of the increasing sexual activity of male animals.

A

− Pineal melatonin production via the kisspeptin-GnRH axis.

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22
Q

At which stage of embryo development does the differentiation of blastomeres begin?
- Immediately after fertilization.
− 2-4 cell stage.
− 4-8 cell stage.
− Blastocyst stage.
- Immediately before hatching.

A

− Blastocyst stage.

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23
Q

What is the corpus luteum made of after ovulation?
- From the platelets of the corpus haemorrhagicum.
− From the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle.
- From the antral follicular fluid.
- From the luteal cells that reach there with the blood stream.

A

− From the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle.

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24
Q

What is the two-cell-two-gonadotropin model?
− Progesterone and estrogen production by different cells.
− Testosterone synthesis (LH) by theca cells and conversion to estrogen in granulosa cells (FSH).
- The effect of FSH inducing estrogen production and LH progesterone production.
- The testosterone-dihydro-testosterone conversion.

A

− Testosterone synthesis (LH) by theca cells and conversion to estrogen in granulosa cells (FSH)

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25
Q

An important function of the ovary:
− egg production
− steroid hormone production
− ovum and steroid production
- place of fertilization

A

− ovum and steroid production

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26
Q

What is the name of the formula for early ovulation after ovulation?
- corpus luteum
− corpus haemorrhagicum
− corpus haemorrhagicum
- Graafian follicle

A

− corpus haemorrhagicum

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27
Q

What is the narrowest section of the fallopian tube?
− infundibulum
− isthmus
− ovarian bursa
- ampoule

A

− isthmus

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28
Q

When does luteinization begin?
- immediately after ovulation
− on the 2nd day of the cycle
− just before ovulation
− after fertilization

A

− just before ovulation

29
Q

What is the difference between protein and steroid hormones?
− Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
- Protein hormones are only capable of a slow response.
- Steroid hormones enter the cytoplasm, protein hormones do not.
- Only steroid hormones pass through the blood-brain barrier.

A

− Protein hormones act in the cytoplasm, steroids in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

30
Q

What is the target cell of FSH in the testis?
− Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
− spermatid
− spermatogonia

A

− Sertoli cell

31
Q

What is the target cell of LH in the testis?
− Sertoli cell
− Leydig cell
− spermatid
− spermatogonia

A

− Leydig cell

32
Q

Which cell produces Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH)?
− ovum
− sperm
- Leydig cell
− Sertoli cell

A

− Sertoli cell

33
Q

Which cell produces testosterone?
− Sertoli cell
− Leydig cell
− granulosa cell
- interstitial cell

A

− Leydig cell

34
Q

GnRH is produced by…
- produced by the adenohypophysis
− produced by the hypothalamus
- produced by the neurohypophysis
- produced by ovaries

A

− produced by the hypothalamus

35
Q

Which statement is INCORRECT?
− Separate groups of neurons in the hypothalamus are responsible for tonic and preovulatory GnRH release.
− GnRH enters the adenohypophysis via the portal plexus.
− GnRH is produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
- The paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus produce oxytocin.

A

− GnRH is produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

36
Q

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
- Melatonin is a tryptophan skeleton compound produced in the pineal gland.
− Kisspeptin neurons are located in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
- Oxytocin is also produced in the corpus luteum tissue.
− eCG and hCG are extrahypophyseal gonadotropins.

A

− Kisspeptin neurons are located in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

37
Q

Mark the FALSE statement!
- Gonadotropins consist of two different peptide chains (alpha and beta).
- The half-life of gonadotropins depends on the time of their breakdown.
− eCG is the new name for PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin).
− hCG is produced by the endometrial follicles.

A

− hCG is produced by the endometrial follicles.

38
Q

Melatonin is…
- produced by the liver
− produced by the pineal gland
- produced by the hypothalamus
- produced by the pituitary gland

A

− produced by the pineal gland

39
Q

Which one is true?
− progesterone is needed to maintain pregnancy and suppress uterine contractions
− progesterone causes uterine contractions
− progesterone is not required for the development of the embryo
- the relaxation of the uterine muscles is due to estrogen

A

− progesterone is needed to maintain pregnancy and suppress uterine contractions

40
Q

In which cases is PGF2α treatment not effective?
− 9-12 of the sexual cycle. on the day of
− the so-called in refractory phase
- in the luteal phase
− in the case of corpus luteum during the first 100 days of pregnancy

A

− the so-called in refractory phase

41
Q

Anatomical definition of the pig uterus:
- uterus bicornis
− uterus bicornuate
- uterine duplex
− uterus simplex

A

− uterus bicornuate

42
Q

The histological structure of the pig placenta:
− epitheliochorial
− endotheliochorial
- haemochorial
− endochorial

A

− epitheliochorial

43
Q

Recommended breeding age of piglets:
- Age 150-170 days
− Age 180-210 days
- Age 220-240 days
- 250 days old

A

− Age 180-210 days

44
Q

What is NOT true about ovulation in pigs?
- Occurs as a result of an inflammatory process.
- It is preceded by an LH surge.
- The preovulatory follicle in pigs is 3-10 mm.
− Ovulation is preceded by 2-3 waves of follicular growth

A

− Ovulation is preceded by 2-3 waves of follicular growth

45
Q

Length of gestation in pigs
− 110 days
− 115 days
− 120 days
− 125 days

A

− 115 days

46
Q

Time of ovulation in pigs
- 6-12 days after the start of estrus. with an hour
- About 4 hours after the start of estrus
− 48-72 hours after the start of estrus
- 12-18 hours after the end of estrous symptoms

A

− 48-72 hours after the start of estrus

47
Q

When is it optimal to inseminate a sow?
- At the time of maximum redness of the vulva.
− When vulval symptoms are reduced and the back test is positive.
− On the very first day of the 3-day estrus.
− When the symptoms of clinical estrus disappear.

A

− When vulval symptoms are reduced and the back test is positive.

48
Q

How many embryos need to attach in pigs for pregnancy to occur?
− 1-2
− 4-5
− 7-8

A

− 4-5

49
Q

In what condition does the pig embryo enter the uterus?
− 4 cells
- 8 cells
− morula
− blastocyst

A

− blastocyst

50
Q

How long after ovulation does the pig embryo enter the uterus?
- In 1 day
- In 5-6 hours
- In 4-5 days
− In 50-56 hours

A

− In 50-56 hours

51
Q

On what day of pregnancy does intrauterine embryo migration begin in pigs?
− 3-4.
− 6-7.
- 9-10.

A

− 6-7.

52
Q

How many days of pregnancy does intrauterine embryo migration last in pigs?
− 1-3. day
− 5-6. day
− 12-13. day
− 18-20. day

A

− 12-13. day

53
Q

Choose the WRONG statement regarding the pregnancy of pigs!
− Epitheliochorial placenta
- Corpus luteum dependent
- Germinal vesicles elongate
− Endometrium does not produce prostaglandin
- The pregnancy is 16-30. estrogen is produced between

A

− Endometrium does not produce prostaglandin

54
Q

A signal enabling the recognition of early pregnancy in pigs.
- Interferon
- Pregnancy protein
− Estrogens
- Progesterone
- Prolactin

A

− Estrogens

55
Q

What stage are the follicles in when the pig is born?
− secondary stage
− primordial stage
- they develop later
− primary stage

A

− primordial stage

56
Q

How many primordial follicles are female piglets born with?
- 50-70 thousand
- approx. 1 billion
− 400-500 thousand
- 10-20 thousand

A

− 400-500 thousand

57
Q

How many waves of follicular growth are there during a pig’s sexual cycle?
− 1
− 2-3
− 4-5
− no follicular growth wave

A

− 1

58
Q

After ovulation, in what condition does the fertile pig egg come out of the follicle?
- covered with multi-layered cumulus cells
− as a secondary ovule in a cumulus cloud
- Covered with 1-2 layers of cumulus cells
- in the naked state

A

− as a secondary ovule in a cumulus cloud

59
Q

Where does fertilization occur in pigs?
− in the utero-tubal junction
− at the ampulla-isthmus junction
− in the infundibulum
− at the apex of the horn

A

− at the ampulla-isthmus junction

60
Q

What active substance do we use to induce ovulation in pigs?
− GnRH or hCG
− eCG (PMSG)
− purified FSH
− PGF2α

A

− GnRH or hCG

61
Q

When do we perform estrus synchronization with exogenous hormones on breeding animals in a large-scale pig farm?
− prepuberal sows in the farrowing group
− in a cyclizing sulfur group
- young in a sow group
− in a selected group of sows

A

− in a cyclizing sulfur group

62
Q

If we inseminate the sow late compared to estrus, what process takes place?
− damage to seminal fluid
− sperm aging
− oocyte aging
- fallopian tube closure

A

− oocyte aging

63
Q

What is the can spray used for?
- to reduce male libido
− male sex to suppress odor
− to imitate the effect of kan
- to trigger a hum

A

− to imitate the effect of kan

64
Q

In which animal do we use a spray to influence sexual behavior?
− sow
- harm
- chosen pig
- fattening

A

− sow

65
Q

How can a male’s libido be increased?
− with the vaginal discharge of an estrous sow
− with the urine of an estrous sow
- with the saliva of an estrous sow
- with excrement from an estrous sow

A

− with the urine of an estrous sow

66
Q

What method do we use to collect semen from a male?
− artificial sleeve
− electroejaculation
− gloved hand
− a condom

A

− gloved hand

67
Q

What do we use during male sperm collection?
− sperm retrieval phantom
- electroejaculator
- another male
- none of them

A

− sperm retrieval phantom

68
Q

What is the form of artificial insemination in pigs?
− cervically
− pre-cervically
− vaginal
- none of them

A

− cervically

69
Q

How do we perform fresh sperm fertilization in sows?
− with a speculum
− with a fertilization catheter
− with a laparoscope
− with a glass catheter

A

− with a fertilization catheter

70
Q

What do we collect the kanondo for?
− into a sperm collection cup
− into a plastic test tube
− into a glass test tube
- in a double-walled glass cup

A

− into a sperm collection cup

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71
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