THEORIES OF CHANGE IN HEALT PROMOTION (part 2)

Question 1

Community change theories

difusion of innovation theory

Research has consistently shown that people are more likely to adopt innovations, including health-related practices, if they are:

Answer 1

 compatible with their needs
 flexible enough to be used in a variety of situations
 reversible if people want to return to previous practices
 advantageous when compared with alternatives
 simple enough for people to understand and adopt
 cost efficient, with the perceived benefits outweighing the costs

Question 2

Diffusion of innovation theory divides individuals into (five categories according) to the length of time they take to adopt an innovation:

Answer 2

 innovators (the source of the innovation)
 early adopters (“first on the block”)
 early majority
 late majority
 laggards

Question 3

which describes three distinct approaches to involving communities in health promotion work

Answer 3

Community Mobilization: Rothman’s Framework

Question 4

Rothman’s Framework, which describes three distinct approaches to involving communities in health promotion work (Rothman and Tropman, 1987).

 The three approaches are:

Answer 4

 social planning
 locality development
 social action

Question 5

is a task-oriented method stressing rational problem
solving, usually:

 by an outside party, to address community concerns.
 Outside change agents gather facts about community problems and recommend the most appropriate responses.

Answer 5

Social planning

التخطيط الاجتماعي هو نهج موجه نحو المهام يركز على حل المشكلات العقلاني لمعالجة شواغل المجتمع، التي يقودها عادة طرف خارجي. يتضمن هذا النهج جمع المعلومات حول مشاكل المجتمع والتوصية بالاستجابات المناسبة لمعالجتها. غالبا ما يستخدم التخطيط الاجتماعي كوسيلة لمعالجة القضايا الاجتماعية المعقدة وتعزيز التنمية المجتمعية.

Question 6

is a more process oriented approach that attempts to build a

 sense of group identity and community.
 Community workers organize a broad cross-section of people into small, task-oriented groups to identify and resolve shared problems.

Answer 6

Locality development

التنمية المحلية هي نظرية تغيير مجتمعية تؤكد على نهج موجه نحو العمليات لبناء شعور بالهوية الجماعية والمجتمع. يلعب العاملون المجتمعيون دورا حاسما في تنظيم مجموعة متنوعة من الأفراد في مجموعات صغيرة موجهة نحو المهام لتحديد المشاكل المشتركة وحلها. يهدف هذا النهج إلى تعزيز الشعور بملكية المجتمع وتمكينه، مما يؤدي إلى تغيير مستدام.

Question 7

is a more confrontational approach, seeks to address imbalances of power between marginalized community groups and dominant segments of the community.

Answer 7

Social action

Question 8

developed for health promoters distinguishes between:
 community-based strategies
 and community development initiatives

Answer 8

A More Recent Framework

Question 9

………………………….link programs and services to community groups.

Answer 9

Community-based strategies

Question 10

…………………….are different from community-based strategies in several respects.

Answer 10

Community development strategies

Question 11

health issue under consideration, usually related to the prevention of health-related risk factors (e.g., tobacco, physical inactivity), is identified by the sponsoring agency.

community-based strategies or community development initiatives ?

Answer 11

community-based strategies

Question 12

Interventions are implemented according to defined timelines, and decision-making power rests with the sponsoring organization rather than community participants.

community-based strategies or community development initiatives ?

Answer 12

community-based strategies

Question 13

The problem or issue is defined by the community rather than the sponsoring organization.

community-based strategies or community development initiatives ?

Answer 13

community development initiatives

Question 14

The process of planning the community development initiative is ongoing, based on continued negotiation between organizations and community groups, with the community worker serving as a liaison.

community-based strategies or community development initiatives ?

Answer 14

community development initiatives

Question 15

………………………………….. emphasizes enhanced:

 community capacity
 The collective ability of a community to control the factors affecting their health, rather than measurable changes in health- related risk factors, as the desired outcome.

community-based strategies or community development initiatives ?

Answer 15

community development initiatives

Question 16

the needs, problems or issues around which a community is organized must be identified by community members themselves.

Answer 16

A key principle separating community development from other approaches to working with communities