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MODERN HISTORY > 8.Marathas and Mysore > Flashcards

8.Marathas and Mysore Flashcards

1
Q

Who was John Shore?

A

John Shore was a British official of the East India Company who served as Governor-General of Bengal from 1793 to 1798.

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2
Q

What was John Shore’s contribution to history?

A

John Shore is known for giving the idea of Permanent Settlement in 1785.

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3
Q

What is the Permanent Settlement that John Shore suggested?

A

The Permanent Settlement was a system of land revenue collection in India that was introduced by the British East India Company.

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4
Q

What was unique about John Shore’s tenure as governor-general of British India?

A

During John Shore’s time as governor-general, there was no war involving the East India Company.

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5
Q

How is the Maratha Kingdom started?

A

The Maratha Kingdom started as a small kingdom with Raigad as its capital.

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6
Q

Who was Shivaji Maharaj, and why is he significant?

A

Shivaji Maharaj was a Maratha leader who gained significance and rose to prominence during his tenure. He had the goal of ‘Hind Swaraj’ or self-rule for India.

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7
Q

When was Shivaji Maharaj crowned sovereign or Chatrapati, and under whose reign did this happen?

A

Shivaji Maharaj was crowned sovereign or Chatrapati in 1674, during the reign of Aurangzeb in the north.

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8
Q

Was there any tussle between Aurangzeb and Shivaji Maharaj?

A

Yes, there was a tussle between Aurangzeb and Shivaji Maharaj, which continued even after Shivaji’s death and involved his son Shambhaji as well.

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9
Q

What is the Peshwa post, and how did it originate in Maratha administration?

A

Peshwa is a post that gained prominence in Maratha administration. It originated from the ranks of the armed forces in Marathas, which was evolved by Chhatrapati Shahuji.

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10
Q

What was Chhatrapati Shahuji’s contribution to the Maratha Kingdom?

A

Chhatrapati Shahuji evolved the Peshwa post in the Maratha Kingdom, which later gained prominence in the Maratha administration.

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11
Q

What was Shivaji Maharaj’s goal for India?

A

Shivaji Maharaj’s goal for India was ‘Hind Swaraj’ or self-rule for India.

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12
Q

What was the extent of the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule?

A

The Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule was spread across parts of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka.

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13
Q

How was the administration of the Maratha Empire structured?

A

The Maratha Empire had provinces that were divided into Parganas, which were further divided into villages.

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14
Q

What did Shivaji Maharaj do to the Jagirdari System?

A

Shivaji Maharaj abolished the Jagirdari System.

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15
Q

What kind of salaries were given to officials in the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule?

A

Salaries were given in cash to officials in the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji’s rule.

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16
Q

What was Shivaji Maharaj’s approach to the appointment of officers in the administration?

A

Shivaji Maharaj tried to ensure that officers were appointed on the basis of merit and not on a hereditary basis.

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17
Q

Who were the “Ashta Pradhan,” and what was their role in the Maratha Empire?

A

The “Ashta Pradhan” was a group of officials who served as the center of the Maratha Empire. They were responsible for advising the king and assisting him in the administration of the empire

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18
Q

What was the significance of the “Ashta Pradhan” in the Maratha Empire?

A

The “Ashta Pradhan” played a crucial role in the administration of the Maratha Empire by advising the king and ensuring the smooth functioning of the empire.

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19
Q

Who were the Ashta Pradhan in the Maratha Empire?

A

The Ashta Pradhan were eight prominent officials who served as advisors to the king in the administration of the Maratha Empire.

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20
Q

Who was the most important of the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

The most important of the Ashta Pradhan was the Peshwa, who served as the Prime Minister of the king.

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21
Q

What was the role of Amatya or Majumdar in the Ashta Pradhan?

A

Amatya or Majumdar served as the Finance Minister among the Ashta Pradhan.

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22
Q

Who was Waqr-i-Navis in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Waqr-i-Navis served as the Home Minister among the Ashta Pradhan.

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23
Q

Who was Dabir or Samant in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Dabir or Samant served as the foreign minister among the Ashta Pradhan.

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24
Q

Who was Sachiv in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Sachiv was responsible for official correspondence in the Ashta Pradhan.

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25
Q

Who was Pandit Rao in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Pandit Rao was the religious officer among the Ashta Pradhan.

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26
Q

Who was Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati served as the military commander among the Ashta Pradhan.

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27
Q

Who was Nyayadhish in the Ashta Pradhan, and what was his role?

A

Nyayadhish can be considered as the Chief Justice among the Ashta Pradhan.

28
Q

What is a confederation?

A

A confederation refers to a group of sovereigns coming together willingly for a common goal.

29
Q

What was the center of the Maratha confederation, and who was in charge?

A

The center of the Maratha confederation was the Poona seat with the Peshwa in charge.

30
Q

Who were the Holkars, and where were they located within the Maratha confederation?

A

The Holkars were a prominent family within the Maratha confederation, located in Indore.

31
Q

Who were the Scindias, and where were they located within the Maratha confederation?

A

The Scindias were a prominent family within the Maratha confederation, located in Gwalior.

32
Q

Who were the Gaikwads, and where were they located within the Maratha confederation?

A

The Gaikwads were a prominent family within the Maratha confederation, located in Baroda.

33
Q

Who were the Bhosles, and where were they located within the Maratha confederation?

A

The Bhosles were a prominent family within the Maratha confederation, located in Nagpur.

34
Q

When was the Maratha Army set up, and who established it?

A

The Maratha Army was set up in 1659 by Shivaji.

35
Q

How many horse riders did the Maratha Army have?

A

The Maratha Army had roughly 30000-40000 horse riders.

36
Q

Who was a Bargir in the Maratha Army, and how were they compensated?

A

A Bargir was a soldier in the Maratha Army who was paid salary and provided with equipment by the state.

37
Q

Who was a Silahdar in the Maratha Army, and how were they maintained?

A

A Silahdar was a soldier in the Maratha Army who was maintained by nobles.

38
Q

What were the two important taxes for raising revenue in the Maratha Administration?

A

The two important taxes for raising revenue in the Maratha Administration were Chauth and Sardeshmukhi.

39
Q

What was Chauth, and who was it imposed on?

A

Chauth was a tax imposed on Alien Kingdoms, which were not part of the Marathas. If these kingdoms paid one fourth of the taxes that they were paying to the other Deccan and Mughal rulers, they wouldn’t be attacked by the Marathas.

40
Q

What was Sardeshmukhi, and who was it imposed on?

A

Sardeshmukhi was a tax imposed on regions that were part of the Maratha empire and considered Maratha as their King. These regions needed to pay one tenth of their land revenue as Sardeshmukhi.

41
Q

What was the Battle of Purandar?

A

The Battle of Purandar was fought between the Mughal Empire and Maratha Empire in 1665.

42
Q

Who was appointed by Aurangzeb against Shivaji in the Battle of Purandar?

A

Raja Jai Singh was appointed by Aurangzeb against Shivaji in the Battle of Purandar.

43
Q

Who won the Battle of Purandar?

A

The Mughals won the Battle of Purandar.

44
Q

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Purandar?

A

Under the Treaty of Purandar, Shivaji had to surrender 23 forts to the Mughals and Mughals recognised the claim of Marathas on Bijapur.

45
Q

When was Shahuji released?

A

Shahuji was released in 1707 by Bahadur Shah Jafar-I.

46
Q

Who was appointed as Peshwa by Chahtrapati Shahu in 1713?

A

Balaji Vishwanath was appointed as Peshwa by Chahtrapati Shahu in 1713.

47
Q

Who became the Peshwa after Balaji Vishwanath?

A

Bajirao-I became the Peshwa after Balaji Vishwanath.

48
Q

How long did Nanashaheb rule as Peshwa?

A

Nanashaheb, also known as Balaji Bajirao, ruled as Peshwa from 1740 to 1761.

49
Q

What happened in 1761 that affected the Marathas?

A

The Third Battle of Panipat happened in 1761, where Ahmedshah Abdali defeated the Marathas.

50
Q

Who became Peshwa after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772?

A

Narayanrao became Peshwa after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772.

51
Q

Who became Peshwa after Narayanrao’s murder in 1773?

A

Raghunathrao became Peshwa after Narayanrao’s murder in 1773.

52
Q

Who was the legal heir to the throne after Narayanrao’s death?

A

Narayanrao’s posthumous son, ‘Sawai’ Madhavrao, was the legal heir to the throne after Narayanrao’s death.

53
Q

Who directed the effort to install the infant Madhavrao as the new Peshwa and to rule in his name as regents?

A

Nana Phadnavis led the effort to install the infant Madhavrao as the new Peshwa and to rule in his name as regents.

54
Q

Whom did Raghunathrao seek help from to maintain his position of power?

A

Raghunathrao sought help from the British at Bombay to maintain his position of power.

55
Q

What was the Treaty of Surat?

A

The Treaty of Surat was signed in March 1775, between Raghunathrao and the British at Bombay. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein (Vasai) to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.

56
Q

Why did Raghunathrao sign the Treaty of Surat?

A

Raghunathrao signed the Treaty of Surat because he was unwilling to give up his position of power and sought help from the British at Bombay.

57
Q

Why did the British Calcutta Council denounce the Treaty of Surat?

A

The British Calcutta Council denounced the Treaty of Surat and dispatched Colonel Upton to Pune to cancel it and replace it with a new treaty (Treaty of Purandar, 1776) in which the regency renounced Raghunath and promised him a pension.

58
Q

Why did the British Calcutta Council denounce the Treaty of Surat?

A

The British Calcutta Council denounced the Treaty of Surat and dispatched Colonel Upton to Pune to cancel it and replace it with a new treaty (Treaty of Purandar, 1776) in which the regency renounced Raghunath and promised him a pension.

59
Q

What happened after the Bombay government refused to accept the Treaty of Purandar?

A

After the Bombay government refused to accept the Treaty of Purandar, Raghunathrao was granted asylum.

60
Q

What was the Battle of Wadgaon?

A

The Battle of Wadgaon was fought in 1779 between the British and the Marathas. The Marathas, led by Nana Phadnavis, defeated the British.

61
Q

What was the Treaty of Wadgaon?

A

The Treaty of Wadgaon was a treaty signed between the British and the Marathas in mid-January 1779, which required the Bombay administration to return all lands obtained by the English since 1775.

62
Q

How did the First Anglo-Maratha War end?

A

The First Anglo-Maratha War ended with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

63
Q

Who was recognized as Peshwa after the Treaty of Salbai?

A

The young Madhavrao was recognized as Peshwa after the Treaty of Salbai.

64
Q

What territories did the British keep after the Treaty of Salbai?

A

After the Treaty of Salbai, the British kept the territory of Salsette and Bharuch.

65
Q

What agreement was made regarding European countries in the Treaty of Salbai?

A

In the Treaty of Salbai, it was agreed that the Peshwa should not back any other European country including the French.

MODERN HISTORY (39 decks)

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