Wallace_Instrumental and Dative use with other words

Question 1

What is the subgroup root idea of instrumental dative?

Answer 1

means (although some only loosely fit in this category)

Question 2

What is a dative of association? And what are the keys to identification?

Answer 2

1. indicates the person or thing one associates with or accompanies (relatively common)
2. “in association with”
3. Often with compound verbs with συν–

Question 3

What are the distinctions between dative of means and association?

Answer 3

Means: represents how something was accomplished
Association: represents with whom something is accomplished
“He walked ‘with his friend’ (association) ‘with a cane’(means)”

Question 4

What is the dative of manner?

Answer 4

1. denotes the manner in which the action of the verb is accomplished (answers how; relatively common)

Question 5

What are the keys to identification to the dative of manner”?

Answer 5

1. “with” or “in” (you might be able to turn dat. into an adverb.; “with thanksgiving” becomes “thankfully”
2. They key is to ask if the dat. noun answers ‘how’
   (does it define the action (means) or adds color (manner); “she walked with a cane (means), with a flare (manner).)

Question 6

What is a dative of means? And translational glosses?

Answer 6

1. used to indicate the means or instrument by which the verbal action is accomplished. (common)
2. “by means of” “with” “by”

Question 7

the dative of means is typically conceived as impersonal, how is it distinguished from personal means?

Answer 7

1. personality is not in view

2. means involves an agent who uses it (whether the agent is stated or implied)

Question 8

What is the dative of agency? And why should it not be utilized frequently?

Answer 8

1. used to indicate the personal agent by whom the action of the verb is accomplished
2. extremely rare; and is often abused

Question 9

What are the two typical ways that agency is expressed in the NT (apart from naming the agent as the subject)? And what are there nuances?

Answer 9

1. ὑπο + the gen. is used for ultimate agent
2. δια + gen. is used for intermediate agent
   “all this happened in order that what was spoken ‘by the Lord’ ‘through the prophet’ might be fulfilled”

Question 10

What is the dative of measure/degree of difference?

Answer 10

when following or preceding a comparative adjective or adverb, may be used to indicate the extent to which the comparison is true or the degree of difference that exists in the comparison (fairly rare; use “by” rather than “than”)

Question 11

What is a dative of cause? And translational glosses?

Answer 11

1. indicates the cause or basis of the action of the verb (fairly common)
2. “because of” or “on the basis of”
   (only that they might not be persecuted “because of the cross” of Christ)

Question 12

The dative of means and cause are similar what are two nuances and two questions they answer?

Answer 12

1. Means: how and the method

2. Cause: why and the basis

Question 13

What is the cognate dative? And what are the keys to identification?

Answer 13

1. emphasizes the action of the verb (not common)
   2.The dative noun is cognate to the verb either formally (same root) or conceptually (same idea).
   (“I desired with desire” becomes “I earnestly desired”)

Question 14

What are two things to remember about verbs that take datives?

Answer 14

1. usually related to verbs implying personal relation
2. verbs taking a dat direct object can usually be translated with “to” or “in” (ὑπακουω “I am obedient to”, πιστευω “I trust in”)
   (usually it is obvious when dative is a direct object; look in BDAG for help)

Question 15

What are three things to remember about nouns that take datives?

Answer 15

1. a few nouns take datives after them
2. personal interest is almost always seen (not common)
3. will be verbal nouns
   (all the city came out fro a meeting (verbal noun; accusative in this instance) “with Jesus” (dative))
   (this is basically the same idea with adjectives that take datives)