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LC LIFESPAN B > Cultural Psychology > Flashcards

Cultural Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is ontological invariance?

A

when psychological traits are real and cannot change across time

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2
Q

what is ontological invariance drawn from?

A

natural sciences, arguing it is possible to find universal truths of mind and behaviour irrespective of culture

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3
Q

evidence of the internal-external loop

A

human beings are shaped by their culture and help to shape their culture

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4
Q

what does the internal-external loop present?

A

a philosophical challenge to finding invariant ontological laws

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5
Q

what is culture?

A

something that encompasses the social behaviour and norms of human societies

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6
Q

culture is an enduring _______ of and _______ of humans

A

product
influence

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7
Q

what is it important for research to avoid developing?

A

theories that are culture-bound or culture-blind

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8
Q

emic perspective

A

within a culture and their similarities

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9
Q

etic perspective

A

outside a culture and their differences

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10
Q

cross-cultural psychology argues…

A

humans have psychological capabilities because of biology and inheritance

culture fits into the variation between societies

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11
Q

cultural psychology argues…

A

psychological capabilities are shaped by culture and society, but constrained by biology

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12
Q

how can culture be conceptualised?

A

individualistic or collectivistic

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13
Q

individualistic cultures

A

emphasise the needs of the individual over the needs of the group

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14
Q

collectivistic

A

emphasise the needs of the group over the needs of the individual

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15
Q

what is it important for cultural research to consider?

A

the unique intracultural (within culture) and transcultural (between culture) heterogeneity to avoid stereotyping cultures as either notion

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16
Q

explanatory coexistence

A

considers human beings in diverse cultures can integrate multiple explanations, either natural or supernatural

17
Q

why was psychological research in the 1800s uninterested in culture?

A

due to their experimental interest in the mind, which was influenced by natural sciences and neurology

18
Q

what did wundt see culture as?

A

important but not scientifically measurable

19
Q

what did behaviourism see culture as?

A

just a set of learned behaviours

20
Q

what is anthropology concerned with?

A

the scientific study of humanity and societies

21
Q

social anthropology

A

studies patterns of behaviour

22
Q

cultural anthropology

A

studies cultural norms and values

23
Q

what research was conduced in anthropology?

A

non-western ethnographic studies

during the height of colonialism, so may be informed by erroneous racial ideas

24
Q

bartlett (1932) war of the ghosts

A

found evidence of the constructive nature of memory being influenced by cultural schemas

25
Q

what has the assumption of western psychology as ontological invariance contributed to?

A

oppression and poorer research quality

26
Q

why is awareness of culture important?

A

to consider the validity and universality of psychological concepts

27
Q

what did dudgeon et al. (2014) find?

A

western intelligence tests were biased towards their own cultural context to justify prejudice

28
Q

culture should also be considered in the roots of _____, and why?

A

theory

galton’s research into psychometrics and intelligence heritability was informed by eugenics

29
Q

how can sociocultural factors influence intelligence by social inequality?

A
  • SES mediates the relationship between intelligence and wellbeing
  • intelligence tests defined as IQ tests discriminate against lower SES
30
Q

cultural reasons that medical interventions may fail

A

assume western medical practices and have a lack of cultural understanding

31
Q

evidence to suggest culture is involved in perception, explanation, and treatment

A

certain psychiatric syndromes are confined to particular cultures, seen in DSMV AND ICD10

32
Q

WEIRD people

A

western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic

33
Q

what are WEIRD people outliers in?

A

tasks requiring:
- visual perception
- fairness
- cooperation
- spatial reasoning
- categorisation
- inferential induction

34
Q

what do WEIRD people consist of?

A

80% of research subjects and 12% world population

35
Q

67% of studies are conducted on…

A

university students aged 18-21

36
Q

which additional factor was suggested for the big five test following cross-cultural research?

A

honesty-humility

37
Q

what is cross-cultural research limited to?

A

urban literate populations

38
Q

what personality factors were found after consideration of other types of culture?

A

pro-sociality and industriousness

39
Q

unique personality trats from underrepresented populations suggest…

A

behaviour is explained by deeply embedded cultural practices

LC LIFESPAN B (10 decks)

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